Diễn Đàn Lớp Anh Văn K51E2: 04/01/2011

DỰ BÁO THỜI TIẾT THEO NHIỆT ĐỘ - THỜI GIAN - ĐỘ ẨM
Đồng Hới	Hà Nội	TP. Hồ Chí Minh	Huế	Cà Mau	Nha Trang

Giãng Viên : Nguyễn Thị Tường

Phone: 0904142456

Lời nói đầu

English for Tour Guides giáo trình tiếng Anh du lịch dùng cho sinh viên chuyên ngành tiếng Anh và người học tiếng Anh ở trình độ cao cấp. Giáo trình được soạn dựa theo chương trình môn học tiếng Anh du lịch được khoa ngoại ngữ và trường đại học Vinh phê duyệt. Đây là Đây là môn học tự chọn tiếp nối và phát triển các kỹ năng nâng cao về du lịch sau khi sinh viên đã được trang bị những kiến thức về du lịch ở phần trước.
Giáo trình English for Tour Guides được chia làm hai sáu bài (Unit) mỗi bài gồm có các phần sắp xếp theo logíc chủ yếu nhằm vào việc phát triển vốn thuật ngữ chuyên ngành du lich cho người học. Ngoài ra các địa danh du lịch nổi tiếng của những vùng miền trên khắp nước Việt được giới thiêu trong các bài khóa với mục đích hỗ trợ cho người học có kiến thức và năng ngôn ngữ trong việc truyền tải thông tin liên quan đến một số những danh lam thắng cảnh về đất nước và con người Việt Nam tới du khách trong và ngoài nước với điểm đến của họ là đất nước Việt Nam.
Các bài trong cuốn giáo trình được chọn từ một số tài liệu khác nhau hiện có được chọn lọc, phân tích, sắp xếp các tài liệu làm cho phù hợp với điều kiện, trình độ của sinh viên nhằm giúp cho họ có được kiến thức co bản sau khi ra trường có điều kiện làm tốt vai trò, chức năng của một hướng dẫn viên du lịch.
Chúng tôi hy vọng sẽ nhận được những đóng góp quý giá để trong những ấn bản tiếp theo giáo trình sẽ được cải thiện đáng kể, phong phú hơn về mặt nội dung chuyên ngành cũng như hệ thống bài tập rèn luyện các kỹ năng tiếng Anh.
Cuốn giáo trình English for Tour Guides này cũng là một tài liệu bổ ích cho những ai quan tâm đến việc nâng cao tiếng Anh trong các ngành du lịch, khách sạn.

Nhóm tác giả
Vũ Thị Viêt Hương (Ma.)
Nguyễn Thị Tường (Ma.)

Contents

Unit 1
Vietnam’s Position in Global and Regional Tourism
1
Unit 2
Hanoi
4
Unit 3
Hanoi – The Ancient Streets and The Old Citadel
12
Unit 4
Hanoi – Tourism Potential - Pagodas (1)
15
Unit 5
Hanoi – Tourism Potential - Pagodas (2)
17
Unit 6
Hanoi – Tourism Potential – Museum
21
Unit 7
Lake West and Lake Hoan Kiem
25
Unit 8
Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum Ba Dinh Square and Flag Tower
29
Unit 9
Hai Phong
36
Unit 10
Hai Phong – Tourist Attractions (1)
39
Unit 11
Hai Phong – Tourist Attractions (2)
43
Unit 12
Ha Long City - Ha Long Bay
47
Unit 13
Ha Long Bay: Some Famous Caves and Grottoes
51
Unit 14
Ha Tay
58
Unit 15
Phu Tho
61
Unit 16
Lao Cai
65
Unit 17
Bac Ninh, Bac Giang
70
Unit 18
Ninh Binh
75
Unit 19
Thanh Hoa
79
Unit 20
Nghe An
83
Unit 21
Ha Tinh- Quang Binh
89
Unit 22
Hue City
96
Unit 23
Da Nang
100
Unit 24
Nha Trang City
103
Unit 25
Dalat
105
Unit 26
Ho Chi Minh City
109

Unit 1 Vietnam’s Position in
Global and Regional Tourism

READING
Before reading an extract, in small group, discuss:
1. The growth of international tourist arrivals in Vietnam from 2000 to 2005
2. The source tourist markets for Vietnam
Read an extract below Within the East Asia-Pacific region, Vietnam's position in terms of the current market share of international arrivals continues to grow rapidly. In 2000, the leading source markets for Vietnam were China, Taiwan, the US, Japan and Cambodia. If Vietnam is to obtain its target goal of 3-4 million inbound visitors by 2005 and 6-7 million visitors by 2010 as outlined in its tourism plan strategy, it would appear the best prospects for the inbound visitors from short-haul destinations in the Asia-Pacific region, including China, Cambodia, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Australia and Singapore. The forecast for 2010 and 2020 indicates that Japan will become second to China in term of tourist arrivals, followed by the US, Cambodia, Taiwan and France. Overall, as indicated by the chart, individual country rankings may change slightly in the next two decades, but the leading source countries are likely to remain the same. However, it is certain for to Vietnam's advantage to continue developing long-haul markets in general. For the East Asia-Pacific region, the World Tourism Organization predicts that long-haul travel will grow at a rate of 6,2 % annually to 2020. As a result, the long-haul travel which currently represents approximately 20 % of the total world market is expected to grow to 25 %. To take advantage of the growing market shares of long-haul generating countries, Vietnam should further encourage the French and US markets and target the United Kingdom and Germany for expansion. In the long term, the US market is considered to have a stronger growth potential than the European one.
PRACTICE
Match the part on the left with one on the right. And check if you have understood the meaning of each expression you have matched.
1. regional tourist a. tour
1. catering b. facilities
2. travel c. operator
3. service d. board
4. tour e. centre
5. inclusive f. provider
6. national tourist g. office
7. tourist information h. agent
WRITING
Use the words and phrases below, write a passage about future trends in tourism of Vietnam
Begin with: Vietnam continues to push up industrialization and modernisation with the aim of getting itself out of the poor country list, creating a firm foundation for a country with modern industry.........................................
Strategic objective:
a. General objective
- make tourism become a key economic branch
- push up the promotion of tourism
build modern material- technical bases for tourism
- develop human resources
b. Concrete objective
- raise income from tourism
- upgrade international tourism routes
- create more jobs for society
ACTIVITY
In pairs, talk about Vietnam's tourism resources, using the suggestions below.
1. Vietnam's location
2. Vietnam's geography
3. Vietnam's historical and cultural sites
4. Vietnam's World Heritage accepted by UNESCO
5. Vietnamese people's hospitality, friendliness etc.
Useful expressions:
* In term of
* as indicated by
* grow at a rate of

* as a result
* in the long term
* is related to

Unit 2 Hanoi

Area: 921.8 sq. km
Population: 3,216.7 thousand habitants (2006).
Administrative divisions:
- Districts: Hoan Kiem, Ba Dinh, Dong Da, Hai Ba Trung, Tay Ho, Thanh
Xuan, Cau Giay, Long Bien, Hoang Mai.
- Rural districts: Dong Anh, Soc Son, Thanh Tri, Tu Liem, Gia Lam.
Ethnic groups: Viet (Kinh), Hoa...

Hanoi is the capital of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the center of culture, politics, economy and trade of the whole country.

Geography
Hanoi is located in the Red River Delta, in the center of North Vietnam. It is encompassed by Thai Nguyen Province to the north, Vinh Phuc and Ha Tay to the west and south, Bac Giang, Bac Ninh and Hung Yen provinces to the east and south-east.Hanoi means "the hinterland between the rivers" (Ha: river, Noi: interior). Hanoi's territory is washed by the Red River (the portion of the Red River embracing Hanoi is approximately 40km long) and its tributaries, but there are some other rivers flowing through the capital, including Duong, Cau, Ca Lo, Day, Nhue, Tich, To Lich and Kim Nguu.
In small groups, answer the questions
1. Where is Hanoi ?
2. What is the population of Hanoi ?
3. How large is Hanoi ?
4. What is Hanoi famous for?
Climate: Hanoi is situated in a tropical monsoon zone with two main seasons. During the dry season, which lasts from October to April, it is cold and there is very little rainfall, except from January to March, when the weather is still cold but there is some light rain. The wet season, from May to September, is hot with heavy rains and storms. The average annual temperature is 23.2ºC (73.7ºF) and the average annual rainfall is 1,800mm. The average temperature in winter is 17.2ºC (62.9ºF), but can go down to 8?C (46.4ºF). The average temperature in summer is 29.2ºC (84.6ºF, but can reach up to 39ºC (102.2ºF)
In small groups, answer the questions
1. How many seasons are there in Hanoi?
2. What is the average temperature in each season?
3. What is the average rainfall in a year?
4. How many rivers flow through Hanoi?
5. How many lakes are there in Hanoi?
6. Does Hanoi have any International communication lines? why?

History

Hanoi is a sacred land of Vietnam. In the 3rd century BC, Co Loa (actually belonging to Dong Anh District) was chosen as the capital of the Au Lac Nation of Thuc An Duong Vuong (the King Thuc). Hanoi later became the core of the resistance movements against the Northern invasions. Located in the middle of the Red River Delta, the town has gradually expanded to become a very populations and rich residential center. At different periods, Hanoi had been selected as the chief city of Vietnam under the Northern domination.In the autumn of Canh Tuat lunar years (1010), Ly Thai To, the founder of the Ly Dynasty, decided to transfer the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La, and so he rebaptized it Thang Long (Soaring Dragon). The year 1010 then became an historical date for Hanoi and for the whole country in general. For about a thousand years, the capital was called Thang Long, then changing to Dong Do, Dong Kinh, and finally to Hanoi, in 1831. This sacred piece of land thereafter continued to be the theatre of many fateful events
In small groups, answer the questions
1. When did Ly Thai To move the capital of Dai Viet
to the site of Dai La Citadel?
2. Why was Dai La changed to Thang Long?
3. In which dynasties did Buddhism and
4. Confucianism develops strongly?
5. What did the Temple of Literature use to be?

Tourism

Throughout the thousand years of its eventful history, marked by destruction, wars and natural calamities, Hanoi still preserves many ancient architectural works including the Old Quarter and over 600 pagodas and temples. Famous sites include the One Pillar Pagoda (built in 1049), the Temple of Literature (built in 1070), Hanoi Citadel, Hanoi Opera House, President Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum...
Hanoi also characteristically contains 18 beautiful lakes such as Hoan Kiem Lake, West Lake, and Truc Bach Lake..., which are the lungs of the city, with their surrounding gardens and trees providing a vital source of energy.
Many traditional handicrafts are also practiced in Hanoi including bronze molding, silver carving, lacquer, and embroidery. Hanoi has many famous traditional professional handicraft villages such as Bat Trang pottery village, Ngu Xa bronze casting village, Yen Thai glossy silk...
Transportation

By road: Hanoi is 93km from Ninh Binh, 102km from Haiphong, 153km from Thanh Hoa, 151km from Halong, 474km from Dien Bien Phu, 658km from Hue, 763km from Danang, and 1,710km from Ho Chi Minh City.By air: Noi Bai International Airport, over 35km from the city center, is one of the biggest airports of the country with various international and domestic routes. There are domestic flights from Hanoi to Danang, Dien Bien, Ho Chi Minh City, Hue, Nha Trang and international flights to many countries in over the world.
By train: Hanoi Railway Station is Vietnam's main railway station. It is the starting point of five railway lines leading to almost every province in Vietnam.

ACTIVITY 1
Here are some important events of Hanoi. Work in pairs, one talks about the year and the other talks about the event without looking at the book. Vietnam's capitals throughout history

- 257 BC:
- 4BC- 2 BC:
- 454 – 456 AD:
-544:

-866:
-1010:

-1397:
-1428:
-1931:
-1888:
An Duong Vuong chose Co Loa as his capital.
The capital belonged to Giao Chi District.
Establishment of Cam Binh District (including Hanoi)
Ly Nam De fixed his capital at Van Xuan and built a citadel along the To Lich River.
Cao Bien built Dai La citadel.
Ly Thai To moved the capital to Dai La and named it Thang Long
Ho Quy Ly renamed the capital Dong Do.
Le Loi renamed the capital Dong King.
Ming Mang established Hanoi province.
The president of the French Republic issued a decree on
establishing the city of Hanoi.
ACTIVITY II
Study the passage of the reading, work in small groups, talk about Hanoi's geography.
Hanoi is the capital of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It covers an area of more than 900 km2
Useful expressions:
* longitude 20° 25° north
* latitude 105°-15' to 106° - 03' east
* to have a strong monsoon influence
* to be endowed with
* all roads lead to Hanoi
WRITING
Look at the notes below, write a short passage about administrative districts of Hanoi.
Hoan Kiem District:
- in the nerve centre of the city
- major trading zone, traditional handicrafts
- old quarter, cultural heritage area
Ba Dinh District:
- historic Ba Ding Square and President Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum
- government departments, embassies
Dong Da District:
- Dong Da Hill, Boc Pagoda and Lang Pagoda
Hai Ba Trung District:
- universities
- Ministry of Education and Training
Tay Ho Distrct:
- Famous for Nhat Tan Flower Village
Thanh Xuan District:
- The Foreign Langauge, Painting College
Cau Giay District:
- many schools and research institutes
Long Bien District:
- set up in September 2003
Hoang Mai District:
- set up in September 2003
Five suburb districts: Gia Lam, Dong Anh, Thanh Tri, Tu Liem, Soc Son.
Unit 3 Hanoi – The Ancient Streets and
The Old Citadel
READING
Work in pairs; discuss these questions before looking at the text.
1. Why do most of street names in the Old Quarter start with the word "hang"?
2. What did the people use to do with paper money?
3. Who are the patron saints of the Vietnamese jewelry profession?
4. How many different kinds of jewelers can you think of?
Hang Bac Street
The majority of the street names in the Old Quarter start with the word "hang". "Hang" means merchandise or shop. The guild streets were named for their product, service or location. Hang Bac, one of the oldest streets in Vietnam, dated from at least the 13th century. Bac means silver, and appropriately, this street started as a silver ingot factory under the reign of Le Thanh Tong (1469-1497). Village people, called the "Trau Khe silver casters," were brought into the capital to cast silver bars and coins. After the ceremony to transfer their craft from their village of Trau Khe to Hanoi, they set up two temples to honor the founders of their craft. At one communal house, the silver was molten and poured into molds. At the other communal house, the molds were further processed for delivery to the Prime Minister. The crafters went to great lengths to keep their methods secret to avoid counterfeit products.
At the turn of the 18th century, the street took on more varied functions. In addition to the casting of silver ingots, the street attracted more jewelry makers and the money exchangers. Money exchangers thrived, since in the old days, paper money was not used. Instead, the currency then consisted of bronze and zinc coins and silver ingots. When merchants needed a large amount of money for business transactions, they would exchange the heavy metal bars in Hang Bac street. During the French time it was called "Exchange Street." Although paper currency was later used, the word for it included the word "bac".
Hang Bac also has jewelers of different types: engravers, smelters, polishers, and gold-leaf makers. The first jewelry makers were the Dong Cac guild, which settled during the Le dynasty (1428-1788). They founded a temple dedicated to three brothers who learned their art in China in the 6th century, and who are considered the patron saints of the Vietnamese jewelry making profession. There are several famous buildings on this street. In the communal house on Hang Bac, there is a stone stele, built in 1783, telling about a Mandarin who forcibly took over the communal house. The locals took him to court and won back their building. The Dung Tho Temple is dedicated to Chu Bi, a Taoist deity. At the end of the French colonial period, this temple had been named Truong Ca after a person who watched over the temple and served the best noodle soup. One building in this street is the pride of the contemporary history-the Chuong Vang (Golden Bell) Theater, which still hosts traditional Vietnamese theater performances. The former traditional-venue theater, the To Nhu (Quang Lac) Theater built in the 1920s, is also in this street but has been transformed into apartments.

Match the words or phases on the left with the explanations on the right
1. A mould a. grow or develop well and vigorously
2. A communal house b. to devote with solemn ceremonies to sacred
purpose of somebody
3. Counterfeit c. a saint regarded as protecting a particular person or
place
4. To thrive d. belonging to the same time.
5. To dedicate e. a house use for a group of people living together
and sharing property and responsibilities.
6. A patron saint f. a hollow container with a particular shape, into
which a soft or liquid substance is poured to set or cool
into that shape.
7. Contemporary g. deliberately made so as to be exactly like something,
in order to deceive.
Unit 4 Hanoi – Tourism Potential
– Pagodas (1)

READING
Read the passage below and answer the questions which follow.
One Pillar pagoda
«f& The original name of the One Pillar pagoda was Dien Huu pagoda, which literally means "long lasting happiness and good luck". The pagoda is located in the western part of the city on Ong Ich Khiem St., near Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum. It was first built in 1049, during the reign of Emperor Ly Thai Tong, who had no children, often went to pagodas to pray to Buddha for a son. One night, he dreamed that he was granted a private audience with Buddha. Buddha, who, was seated on a lotus flower in a square -shaped lotus pond on the western side of Thang Long Citadel, gave the king a baby boy. Months later, when the queen gave birth to a male child, the Emperor ordered the construction of a pagoda supported by only one pillar to resemble the lotus seat of his dream in the honour of Buddha. The pagoda is open daily from 8.00 a.m to 5.00 pm. Entrance is free.
1. Why did the pagoda have only one pillar?
2. What happened in the king's dream?
3. What do you think about its strange architecture?

WRITING
Write a short paragraph about a place of interest in Ha Noi (the position, history, things if s famous for, today's activities)
ACTIVITY
Work in pairs or small groups. Discuss and talk about Tran Quoc pagoda.
And here is some useful information for you to prepare.
TRAN QUOC PAGODA
- The oldest pagoda currently standing in
Hanoi.
- Constructed in the sixth century during the reign of Emperor Ly Nam De
- Named Khai Quoc, meaning "founding the country." - At first built outside the Yen Phu Dyke and
then move to West Lake.
- Named An Quoc, Tran Quoc and Tran Bac with architecture harmonious with nature,
- Have beautiful scenery around the lake.
- The Structure including the triple gate, the main pagoda, the sitting room, the ancestral worshipping chamber the garden tower.
Useful expressions:
To pray to Sb.
To resemble St.
To expand with St.
Give birth to a male child.
Unit 5 Hanoi – Tourism Potential
– Pagodas (2)

READING
Work in pairs. Student A reads the passage about Kim Lien pagoda and student B reads the passage about the temple of Literature. Read one passage only. Tell your partner about your passage, without looking at it. You can take note, but not more than 20 words.
Kim Lien Pagoda
The pagoda is located on the tip end of a narrow strip of land jutting to Ho Tay (Lake West). It is in Nghi Tarn village on the bank of Ho Tay. Now the village is a part of Quang An village in Tu Liem district. The pagoda is accessible only through a small earth path from the village. All the other directions are surrounded by the water body of Ho Tay. The unique location of Kim Lien Pagoda makes it look more serene. Visitors to the pagoda are given a rare chance to enjoy the Tran quality and pastoral solitude the sacred place offers.
Legend has it that in the 12th century, Princess Tu Hoa, King Ly Thanh Tong's daughter, led her ladies-in-waiting to this area. Together they cultivated mulberry and reared silkworms to make silk. At later date a pagoda was built right on the site and by 1771 it was named Kim Lien (Golden Lotus). The architectural design of the pagoda is made after the Chinese character three (tarn), that is the pagoda has three lines of houses. Each of the rooftop is divided into two layers to make it eight folds in all.

Van Mieu - Quoc Tu Giam (The Temple of Literature)
Van Mieu-Quoc Tu Giam in Hanoi (the Temple of Literature and National University) is not only a symbol of Confucianism but also an extremely significant cultural and historical vestige of Vietnam and of Hanoi in particular.According to the book the Complete History of the Great Viet: "In the autumn of the year Canh Tuat, the second year of Than Vu (1070), in the 8th lunar month, during the reign of King Ly Thanh Tong, the Temple of Literature was built. The statues of Confucius, his four best disciples (Nhan Uyen, Tang Sam, Khong Tu and Manh Tu) and Chu Cong were carved and 72 other statues of Confucian scholars were painted. Ceremonies were dedicated to them in each of the four seasons. The Crown Princess studied here".
In 1076 King Ly Nhan Tong ordered the building of Quoc Tu Giam (National University) close to Van Mieu to teach the children of mandarins and aristocrats, as well as the best students of the common people.
Although Van Mieu - Quoc Tu Giam has been repaired and restored many times over its 900 years it still preserves its ancient architectural style of successive dynasties and precious relics reflecting the thousand year old civilization. It has, for example, plaques with the inscription of the names of the laureates, the pavilion dedicated to the constellation of literature (Khue Van Cac), the Well of Heavenly Clarity (Thien Quang Tinh), the Great House of Ceremonies, Kowtow Portico and the sanctuary, the Statue of Confucius, the stone dragons, the ancient wall and the ink stone stands. Also still standing are the banyan and frangipani and other secular trees which witnessed the many festivals, offerings ceremonies, literary discussions, study sessions and examinations under the Ly, Tran and Le dynasties.
Of particular interest are 82 stone plaques placed on tortoise shells in different styles. They were erected between 1484 and 1780 bearing the names and birth places of 1,306 doctor laureates graduating from 82 examinations held at Quoc Tu Giam in those years.
The erection of the plaques and engraving of the names of the doctor laureates under different dynasties were aimed at encouraging and honouring the talented men.
At present, Van Mieu - Quoc Tu Giam is being repaired and restored to its original glory in order to emphasize its importance as a historical cultural site for the entire nation and a venue for the traditional, cultural and scientific activities in the capital of Hanoi.

WRITING
Write a short paragraph about the old Quarter of Hanoi.
- Have a history that spans 2,000 years Represent the eternal soul of the city.
- Located between the Lake of the Restored Sword, the Long Bien Bridge
- Started as a snake and alligator-infested swamp.
- Street name beginning with the word " Hang" meaning merchandise
- Other name related to product or profession

ACTIVITY
Work in group. Try to act as a tourist guide and tourists and talk about Ho Chi Minh Museum. Use the suggestions below.
- Not far from Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum
- One of the most important museums in Hanoi.
- Cover a total area of 100 ha.
- Design in the shape of a lotus flower as a symbol of President Ho Chi Minh's charecter.
- Display objects, photos, and documents of the great leader's life.
- Explain the rise of the nation's communist revolution

Useful expressions:
-To give a chance to do something.
-To divide into.
-To consist of
-To dedicate to Sb.
Unit 6 Hanoi – Tourism Potential – Museum
READING
The Women's Museum
Open: Daily except Monday from 8.00 to 4.00 pm
The Vietnam Women's Museum, the largest historical, cultural and artistic venue for Vietnamese women, was inaugurated on the 65th anniversary of the Vietnam Women's Union, on October 20th, 1995. The museum is recognition of the great contributions and sacrifices to national defence and construction made by Vietnamese women. The museum includes four major display areas which introduce the "Vietnamese Mother" in the national community, Vietnamese women in national defence and construction, the foundation and development of the Vietnam Women's Union, and the beautiful costumes worn by women from many ethnic groups.
The first partition is reserved for the 3.6- meter-high- Mother -of- Vietnam statue inlaid with gold and made by sculptor Phu Cuong. The Mother is healthy and full of energy, yet honest and gentle. Her right hand is wide open representing that she can overcome all trials and hardships; her left hand holds a child rising on her shoulder. Over the top of the statue is a set of bright lamps representing the mother's milk, an endless source of life that feeds every generation. The statue is the symbol of Vietnamese women's strength, beauty and aspiration for life.
Then visitors are introduced to the valuable historical traditions of Vietnamese women. The most glorified is the great contributions to the defence and building of the homeland by the Vietnamese women. "When the enemy comes, even women fight" is the spirit shared by all the Vietnamese women. In the spring of 40AD, the two Trung Sisters raised their flag against the invaders. Their victory is reflected in the bas-relief "The victorious Trung Sisters return home". Above the bas-relief is a bright torch, the token of the eternally bright patriotic spirit.
On display are many relics relating to the achievements made by staunch Vietnamese heroines throughout different periods of time. The most outstanding are Nguyen Thi Minh Khai, Mac Thi Buoi, Vo Thi Sau, Nguyen Thi Dinh, Ngo Thi Tuyen, Nguyen Thi Binh, Vo Thi Thang, and more. Visitors are very impressed with
The photo "Mother's
Children" spells out
smothers. Together
the photo showing southern women standing in deep ■water to make a human chain to transport war wounded soldiers or the block of statues of ten young I women who died at the Dong Loc-Ha Tinh province intersection in central Vietnam while repairing the jroad destroyed by US bombs.
her dying children sack, a notebook, made by her sons. In occupations, from handicrafts, arts, to scientific
the grief and sacrifice of thewith the mother is the list ofand their remaining things: aand some gifts for the mother various fields and
agriculture, industry,
education, healthcare, culture,
research, and more, women are great contributors. Photos of excellent women with their achievements and products are on display. They reflect the long-standing tradition of the industriousness and optimism of Vietnamese women. They always represent beauty as they are the creators of beauty. An appropriate space in the museum is reserved for the display of the costumes worn by women of 54 Vietnamese nationalities. The costumes are unique in their characteristics, rich and diverse in model, colour and sophisticated in design. The collection reflects not only the creator's ability but also Vietnamese women's cultural lifestyle and sensitive, aesthetic soul throughout time.
Firmly preserving the traditions and highlighting the role of Vietnamese women are attributed to the efforts of the Vietnam Women's Union. Founded for 65 years, the Union's activities have been closely attached to national revolutionary tasks in general and to women in particular, and to helping the Vietnamese women's movement integrate into the world women's movement. The photos and items on display vividly prove the union's role in bringing women into full play and affirming their position.
Shortly after opening, the museum has been visited by hundreds of delegations from abroad and throughout the country. It is the manifestation of their warm feelings and respect for the Vietnamese women who have marked a worthy profile for many centuries in the Vietnamese history of building and defending the country.
Read the passage carefully and find words/phrases which mean:
1. complicated and subtle.
2. working hard
3. a person who makes sculpture.
4. described in a way that make sb / sth seem better than they are.
5. a strong desire or ambition.
6. a form of sculpture or carving in which the figure is only slight from its background.
7. a place where two or more roads intersect.
8. firm, loyal and dependable in opinion and attitude.
9. a feeling of love about one's country.
10. a race or tribe that has a common cultural tradition.
ACTIVITY
Work in pair or small group, talking to your friend about Vietnam Museum of Ethnology. Here are some useful suggestions:
- A panel titled: "Vietnam, Historical and Cultural Periods".
- Historical periods of the country
- Information about the integration of ethnic groups, cultures and civilisations of Vietnam.
- A large colour map about the distribution of ethnic groups according to language groups.
- Three major sub-regions (North, Centre, and South) indicate the ethnic groups' affinity for settlement in particular elevations.
-Five display panels about portraits of individuals within each of the 54 ethic groups classified.
- Five ethnic language families: Austro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Hmong-Yao, Thai-Kadai and Sino-Tibetan.
- An audiotape of an individual from each ethnic group.
Useful expressions:
- To inlay with
- To be on display
- To be attributed to
- To respect sb for st
- to be impressed with
Unit 7 Lake West and Lake Hoan Kiem
READING
Now read the text about the legend of Lake West (also called West Lake) and take your turn to tell about the giant without looking at it.
Ho Tay -Lake West
Ho Tay is the largest of all the lakes in Ha Noi. It is on the northwest of the city. Long ago, the lake was a branch of the Red river but later, as the river changed its course, the lake remained the body of water just in the west of the river. There are many legends associated with Lake West. The most popular is the legend of the golden buffalo.
As the story goes, once there was a medicine man who was a giant. He is well known in Vietnam for his medicine practice and the king often used him to treat the royal family. His fame reached China and he was invited there to treat the king. He was successful whereas others failed so the king decided to reward him with great wealth. He refused the offerings of gold and only requested that the king give him all the black copper in the king's vault. The king agreed and the giant left for Vietnam with a big amount of black copper. In Vietnam the giant molded a giant bell of black copper. The giant rang the bell and the sound resonated all the way to China. In the king's vault there was a golden buffalo. Upon hearing the sound of the bell, the buffalo came to life (because he thought that his mother was calling him) and charged southward. Upon reaching Ha Noi, the buffalo trampled the land in the area near the Red river. Over the years, this area filled with water and became Ho Tay or Lake West.
Ho Tay has always been an area for vacationing royalties. When Ha Noi was still the capital city, the kings from the Ly and Tran dynasties built summer homes along the lake. In the north end of the lake there are several villages famous for their flower and fruit plantations. Most famous is Nghi Tarn village, the birth place of Ba Huyen Thanh Quan, one of Vietnam's Premier Poetesses
Today, many of the summer homes built by the kings of yesteryears are now shrines and temples. Phu Tay Ho is one of the more popular shrines on the shore of Ho Tay. During the first and fifteenth days of the lunar month, people from all over Ha Noi pour to the shrine to pay respect to the deities. On these days, the roads are filled with people dressed in colorful attire heading to the narrow road leading to the shrine. Phu Tay Ho is also famous for the Bun Oc (escargot vermicelli soup) and Banh Tom (shrimp cakes) sold in stalls along the way.

WRITING
Read some useful information about Ngoc Son Temple and then write a paragraph about it.
- Sit on an islet at the North of the lake.
- The oldest structures in the complex date to 1225.
- Rebuilt or reconstructed in the 19th century.
- Worthshipping Saint Van Suong, one of the brightest stars in Vietnam's literary and national hero Tran Hung Dao
- Several "cau doi", parallel sentences, written on the wall
- Lovely for the ostentatious architecture, and for interesting people who take refuge from the city here.
- An ideal place for old men to play checkers in the Pavilion, and for someone to fish quietly among the willows

ACTIVITY

Choosing one of the pictures above, Work in pair, asking each other about it. Use your imagination and the information in the book to talk about that place to your friend.
Useful expressions:
To be associated with To reward sb with sth To pay respect to sb To be associated with to be well known for To lead sb to victory
Unit 8 Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum –
Ba Dinh Square and Flag Tower
READING
HO CHI MINH MAUSOLEUM - BA DINH SQUARE
This architectural structure honoring the late President is appropriately located at the center of Ba Dinh square on the spot where Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration of Independence in 1945. The construction of the Mausoleum started in September
1973; it was completed nearly two years later on August 29, 1975. The mausoleum is divided into three layers with a combined height of 21.6 meters.
The lowest layer forms a terraced stand exclusively used for the presidium of grand meetings organized at the grassy Ba Dinh Square.
The second layer is the central piece of the mausoleum where the remains of the president is kept in a chamber accessible through a series of passages and flights of marble staircases. The upper part of the mausoleum is the roof resembling a three terraced steps. The facade of the upper part bears an inscription "President Ho Chi Minh" made of dark violet precious stone.
The late president's body, dressed in faded ka-ki clothes and plain rubber shoes was put in a glass coffin, inside a dimly lit room. The Mausoleum is the everlasting rest house of the greatest leader of Vietnam.
Ba Dinh is a complex of several beautiful cultural and historic tourist sites, situated in the center of Hanoi. Ba Dinh National Assembly Hall is a meeting place for the great important events of Vietnam The Presidential Palace is an administrative office of the Government. The One-pillar Pagoda is a" famous thousand-year old cultural relic of Vietnam. President Ho Chi Minh's Museum and Residence are the places where many precious documents and relics of hiS life and works still remain. Everyday, a lot of visitors come to this area to honor him. In front of Ba Dinh Square is a large grass yard (length 320m, width 100m), and is divided into 240 smaller squares.
Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum Protection High Command
2 Ong Ich Khiem St, Tel: 8.455.102.
Guess receiving board: 8.455.168. Open hours: Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday: 7h30 - 10h30. Saturday, Sunday: 7h30 - 1l h.
Read the paragraphs. Are these statements True or False? If there are any mistakes, please correct them.
1. The construction of Mausoleum started in September, 1973.
2. The lowest layer of the mausoleum is used for all the meetings.
3. The Presidential palace is the place where the president is living.
4. Visitors can visit Ho Chi Minh Museum and Mausoleum all the days of the week.

WRITING
Now look at the following paragraph about President Ho Chi Minh's Resident, summarize it for about 200 words. President Ho Chi Minh
Located in a large garden at the back of the Presidential Palace is a nice road
covered with pebbles and bordered with mango trees, which lead to a stilt house, Uncle Ho's residence and office from May 1958 until his death. The perfume of jasmine flowers and roses is omnipresent. At the back is a garden of fruit trees, where the luxuriant milk fruit tree donated to Uncle Ho by his southern compatriots in 1954 stands between two lines of Hai Hung orange trees. Other valuable trees belonging to more than 30 species supplied by the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Forestry, and several provinces represent the wide variety of trees growing in Vietnam. There are also trees imported from foreign countries, such as Ngan Hoa trees, miniature rose bushes, areca trees from the Caribbean, Buddhist bamboo trees, etc. Dozens of varieties of orchid hang beautifully from the trees which blossom all year round.
Many people know the story of how Uncle Ho came to live in a small stilt-house rather than a grand palace. But it is worth retelling. Ho Chi Minh was never the one for large houses and comfortable living. He was just 21 when, in 1911, he set out to travel to "the five continents and the four oceans" to seek ways of saving his' country. For 30 years he lived a nomadic life, changing addresses constantly. When he came back to Viet Nam in 1941, he led the revolution against colonial rule and read the country's historic Declaration of Independence at Ba Dinh Square in Ha Noi on September 2, 1945. Not long afterwards, the French colonialists attempted to reassert control of their former dominion, and Ho Chi Minh and his generals were forced into the north-western mountains. During the resistance war of 1946-54, he reverted to his nomadic ways, for the only means of avoiding detection and capture was to live life constantly on the run. He moved from one hide-out to another
several times a month, and only lived in stilt-houses. When the war was won in 1954, the Party, Government and Ho Chi Minh came back to Ha Noi. But he eschewed the trappings of authority. As a true egalitarian, he chose to live a simple life: he wore brown cotton garments and rubber sandals made from car tyres, and lived in a worker's cottage out the back of the Presidential Palace. In 1958, Uncle Ho revisited the former resistance base in the north-west and saw some of the stilt-houses where he had spent the war years. When he got back to Ha Noi, he said he wanted a similar stilt-house built on the grounds of the Presidential Palace itself. The Party commissioned an architect from the Department for Army Barracks to design the house, but told him to submit his plans to Uncle Ho for comment before work began. The initial design had three rooms, including a toilet. But Uncle Ho wanted the house to remain faithful to the real thing. "The stilt-house must have only one or two rooms, small rooms at that, and definitely no toilet," he said. The architect amended the designs, and the stilt-house that Ho Chi Minh moved into on May 17, 1958, had two rooms of just 10 sq.m each. He lived and worked there for the remaining 11 years of his life.
Today, the stilt-house and its furniture have been preserved as they were in the 1960s. In the area under the house, Ho Chi Minh would receive visitors and meet members of the Political Bureau. In the centre of the floor is a long table, with wooden and bamboo chairs around it. Uncle Ho used a rattan armchair in the left-hand corner to sit and read, or rest. In another corner are three telephones that he used to talk to the Political Bureau, the Operation Department and others, and a steel helmet that he wore during the years of the American War.
In the right-hand corner, he kept an aquarium with goldfish to amuse visiting children. The two rooms of the stilt-house are sparsely furnished. One, the bedroom, contains only a bed and wardrobe. The other, the study, houses a table, chair and bookshelf. His appliances were just the bare necessities: a palm-leaf fan, a brown paper fan, a bamboo mosquito catcher, a little thermos-flask, a bottle of water, a radio-set given by Vietnamese nationals in Thailand, and a small electric fan - a gift from the Communist Party of Japan. A little brass bell used to hang on the door. In the stilt-house, Uncle Ho received top cadres, children and his close friends. He spent most of his time writing letters, revolutionary articles encouraging "good people, good deeds," and documents of great historical value on important political tasks such as his 1966 Call against US Imperialism for National Salvation. Plants and trees were grown in the area around the stilt-house, as Uncle Ho was a poet with a great love for nature and pet animals. The garden is bordered with hibiscus, and the gate of climbing plants is typical of rural Viet Nam. The front garden is decorated with little bushes of fragrant jasmines and eglantines, while at the rear is a stand of star-fruit trees from the country's south. Spring sends the garden into a colourful riot of mangoes, white blossoms, and orchids. Uncle Ho regularly practised martial arts and taichi with the guards in the garden, also the place where he once conducted people to sing the famous song Unity, like a real orchestra conductor. In front of the stilt-house is his fish-pond, teeming with fish that he fed with great care. He only had to clap his hands and they came in shoals for food. The house clearly reveals his humility, his erudition and his love of simplicity and nature.
ACTIVITY
Talk about Hanoi nowadays.
Work in group, talk about Hanoi Capital. What's it like?
What are the good/bad points? What/ where can tourists visit in Hanoi?
- Public transport
- Hotels
- Shopping centers
- Pagodas
- Museums Useful expressions:
- To border with sth
- To be worth + V ing
- To revert to sth
- To deprive of sth
Writing
Write a short paragraph about Co Loa Citadel by your own words, these following sentences will help you to start.
The first citadel was built by Thuc An Duong Vuong in the 2nd century BC to be the capital of Au Lac kingdom.
- The most ancient Citadel
- The headquarter of Au Lac Administration
- Citadel structure with 3 turns: exterior, middle, interior.
- The legend of Co Loa and the Magic Crossbow
- The assistant of the Golden Turtle against the White Chicken
- The loss of Co Loa citadel and the Magic Crossbow
- The Magic weapon stolen by Trong Thuy
- The war happened
- King An Duong Vuong and his daughter - My Chau suicided
- People built a temple to worship them

ACTIVITY
Work in pair, talk about the legend of My Chau-Trong Thuy. Try to act as a tour guide and visitors. Use the suggestions below.
- My Chau too much in love of Trong Thuy
- Tell him the secret of the magic arrow in Co Loa Citadel
- Give it to him
- When Co Loa fell, she had to flee together with her father- the king to the sea
- Saint Tortoise inform My Chau's betrayal
- King An Duong Vuong kill My Chau, committee suicide
- Blood of princess disperse into sea water
- Pearl oysters drink it, grow large and beautiful
- Trong Thuy seize the Co Loa Citadel, learn about his wife's death, jump into a well to die
People say that: pearls from Ha Long, wash in the water from this well, bright and clean.
Useful expression:
- To watch over St.
- To get on well with Sb.
- To complain to sb about st.
- To take over.
- To keep on + V-ing
Unit 9 Hai Phong
READING
Read the text below.
Established in 1888, Hai Phong is situated on the coast of the East Sea (Pacific Ocean), 102 kilometres from Hanoi, in the tropical monsoon zone. The annual average temperature is 24°C with an average rainfall varying between 1,600 and 1,800 mm. In other words, the weather is warm and fruits are grown during all season.
Archeological findings at the site of Cai Beo (Cat Ba) show that the area has been inhabited for more than 6,000 years. Today, Hai Phong offers many historical sites, temples, pagodas, mausoleums, and shrines, all proofs of a rich traditional life.
Hai Phong is a sea port located on the international east-west and north-south routes. lTlla* been 100 years since Chinese, Japanese, French, Spanish and Portuguese merchants had been trading there.
Hai Phong is not only an industrial city, but also an important trading centre relying on rail-road-air networks with northern provinces, Southern China, and other countries.
Located on the tourist line joining Hanoi, Hai Phong, and Ha Long Bay, Hai Phong has many sea resorts surrounding Do Son Peninsula. For many years, Don Son has been a famous domestic and international resort. Today, Do Son is being developed into a tourism and entertainment center to suit international standards.
Directly from Do Son, visitors can go to Cat Ba Island, Bai Tu Long Bay , and Ha Long Bay, the limestone archipelago of Cai Ba lies near Ha Long Bay and is composed of hundreds of mountains and islets of different sizes and shapes.
Cat Ba National Park, consisting of tropical virgin forest, has a rich flora and fauna. Grottoes and caves can be found in the majestic limestone mountainous. There are many beaches with pure, blues water scattered between stone islets, streams, and lakes.
Coming to Hai Phong, visitors can participate in festivals and visit historical sites. In the summer, may can take part in expeditions to Do Son Beach, Bai Tu Long Bay, and Ha Long Bay. In the fall, buffalo fighting festivals will probably captivate many. In winter, visitors can enjoy climbing and visit the grottoes and caves of Cat Ba. Visitors will certainly be delighted by the seafood specialties.
Answer the following questions:
1. Give some comments on the main characteristics of Hai Phong? Why is the year 1888 important in the city's history?
2. When was the city first inhabited? Are there any historical sites around the city? Give some examples?
3. What makes the city an important seaport in the country and the region?
4. What tourist attractions are the most appealing to domestic and international travellers? Give your reasons?
VOCABULARY
Put these words in the correct groups below.
Warm, coach, nightclub, cab, humid, show, concert hall, underground, tropical, festival, monsoon

Climate
Transport
Entertainment

ACTIVITY
Work in pairs, discuss the geographical features of Hai Phong. Use the suggestions below.
- Located in the delta of the Red River
- Approximately 100 km from Hanoi
- Existed as a significant port city, principle trading centre of Vietnam
- Conquered by French
- Become France's main naval base in Indochina
- In the war against the US aggressors: subjected to heavy bombing
- After the war: built up as a significant industrial centre
- Administratively: Hai Phong: constitute an independent municipality at the same level as Vietnam's provinces
- Divided into administrative unites: Thuy Nguyen, An Hai, An Lao, Kien
Unit 10 Hai Phong – Tourist Attractions (1)
READING
PRE-READING TASK
Look at the pictures and identify what places and activities are shown:
Discussion questions:
1. What are the most popular tourist attractions in Hai Phong?
2. What dates are some of the well-known festivals annually held around the city?
Cat Ba Island and Cat Ba National Park
Cat Ba is an archipelago comprising approximately 366 islands of different shapes and sizes. The main island is Cat Ba with an area of about 200 square kilometers, located 30 nautical miles from Hai Phong.
Cat Ba is a charming island and Vietnam's most beautiful national park. There are numerous lakes, waterfalls and grottoes in the spectacular limestone hills, as well as beaches with fine white sand.
The limestone mountains have an average height of 150 metres, the highest being Cao Vong Peak, with a height of 322 metres above the sea level. Cat Ba is home to more than 20 species of mammals, such as the Francois monkey, wild boar, deer, squirrels and hedge-hogs; 69 species of birds including hawks, hornbills and cuckoos, and 20 species of reptiles and amphibians can be found in the national park. The white-headed Vooc, an endangered bird, is found on the cliffs separating the island from the sea. The yellow monkey, the chamois (son duong) , and many beautiful birds such as the cao cat, the boi ca (king fisher), the hut mai, and the dau riu also live on the island. The 620 species of plants recorded on Cat Ba include 118 timber species and 160 plants worth medicinal value.
The waters off Cat Ba Island are home to 200 species of fishes, 500 species of mollusks and 400 species of arthropods. Larger marine animals in the area include seals and three species of dolphin.
Stone tools and bones left by human beings who lived between 6000 and 7000 years ago have been found at 17 sites on the island. The most thoroughly studied site is Cai Beo Cave, discovered by a French archaeologist in 1938, which is 1.5 km from Cat Ba Town.
Cat Ba National Park has the largest area of tropical virgin forests in Vietnam. According to research results, there are 745 species of plants, 495 lines of descent, 149 families, among which are 350 medicinal plants such as cho doi, trail ly, lat hoa, kim giao, and va nuoc.
Today, the island's human population of 12,000 is concentrated in the southern part of the island, including the town of Cat Ba (Cat Hai). They live from fishing, forest exploitation and agriculture, including the growing of rice, cassava, oranges, apples and leeches.
During February, March and April, Cat Ba's weather is often cold and drizzly, through the temperature rarely falls below 10°C. During the summer months, tropical storms and typhoons are frequent.

1. What is the geographical location of CatBa?
2. What types of landscapes are available on CatBa Island?
3. Can you just give an overview of Cat Ba's ecological system which much attracts researchers and tourists?
4. Does the island offer any archeological value?
5. What is the population of the island? What are the main occupations done by local people?
6. Just give some climate features of the area?
Find words or phrases in the text which have the same meaning as:
• consisting
• graceful
• situated
• creatures
LANGUAGE STUDY
Making suggestions
The following phrases are useful when making suggestions:
Why don’t you take them to the zoo?
How about going to Cat Ba island?
I suggest starting off with Palm Bar.
If J were you Vd get there early
The best thing (for you to do) is I would be to take the bus
You might like to think about going to Cao Vong Peak
ACTIVITY
Work in pairs. Make a conversation between you-a travel agent and a
tourist.
* Tourist:
Your name's Richard Klein. You want to visit Cat Ba and Cat Ba National Park .
You want to know about its location, its features, especially its tourist attractions and how to travel to Cat Ba.
*You:
Tell him (her) about Cat Ba Island and Cat Ba National Park
Use some hints below
- Cat Ba- an archipelago: 366 islands
- Area: 200 square kilometers, 30 nautical miles from Hai Phong
- The Island's population: 12,000 inhabitants
- Live from fishing, forest exploitation and agriculture
- Weather: cold and drizzly, temperature rarely fall: below 10 ° C.
- National Park's animals:

* 20 species of mammals: monkey deer...
* 69 species of birds: hawks, cuckoos...
* 20 species of reptiles
* 620 species of plants
* 200 species of fish
- Cai Beo Cave: discovered by a French archaeologist in 1938
Unit 11 Hai Phong – Tourist Attractions (2)
READING
PRE- READING TASK

Give some of your comments for these pictures above.
Du Hang Pogoda
This pagoda, named by scholar Phuc Lam Tu, is located in Ho Nam ward in Le Chan district, 2 kilometres southwest from the centre of Hai Phong. According to f^ ancient documents, Du Hang Pagoda was built in the ."J8 Early Le Dynasty (980 -1009) in a traditional architectural style. The pagoda includes a hall for worshipping Buddha as well as one for ancestor worship, a house for bonzes and another for pilgrims. King Tran Nhan Tong (1258-1308), a devout Buddhist used to preach at the pagoda. After being reconstructed three times in 1672 (under the Le Gia Tong Dynasty), 1899 and 1917, the pagoda's current configuration is typical of the architectural style of the Nguyen Dynasty. It is now classified as an historical site with many relics: Buddha statues, bronze urns, bells, gongs and the prayer book of Trang A Ham, an ancient Buddhist script.
Hang Kenh Communal House
Constructed in 1719, the hall is dedicated to the worship of Ngo Quyen. It is said that Ngo Quyen stationed his troops and recruited soldiers in An Duong, and was supported by Hang Kenh people. The communal hall was repaired in 1841, reconstructed in 1850 and again repaired in 1918. The communal house is famous for its valuable wooden sculptures: 156 pieces with the dragon as the main theme. There are 308 dragons of different shapes and sizes altogether. The pagoda also houses a statue of King Ngo Quyen and a palanquin. The hall still conserves valuable items such as steles recording the name of Hang Kenh people who passed national examinations to become mandarins between 1460 and 1693, bronze plates and urns, ancient ceramic vases and censers, etc. The hall often holds a festival to celebrate Ngo Quyen and pray for happiness around lunar mid-February.
Are the following statements True or False?
1. The previous name ofDu Hang Pagoda is Phuc Lam Tu
2. Du Hang Pagoda is located in the southwest of Hai Phong
3. King Tran Nhan Tong ordered the construction ofDu Hang Pagoda in 1258
4. Du Hang Pagoda underwent repair and restoration on three occasions
5. Visitors can see several Buddha statues at Du Hang Pagoda
6. Hang Kenh Communal House was first built in 1905
7. Hang Kenh Communal House is dedicated to the Dragon
8. Most of the Communal House statues and worshipped items are made from
wood
9. There are some steles inside the House, which record the names of local mandarins.
10. Every year from the 16th to 18 of the 2 lunar month, ritual ceremonies, festivals and other traditional performances are held at the communal house.
WRITING
Write a passage about Nghe Temple. Use the suggestions below.
- Situated in the centre of Hai Phong
- 600 metres southwest of the Municipal Theatre
- dedicated to Le Chan, a woman general during the Trung Sisters's insurrection in the first century (40-43 ), the founder of Hai Phong city
- The Temple: a small thatch-roofed joss-house

* Its apse: built in 1919
* In 1925: Temple built comprising stone elephants, stone horses, stone beds and stone steles recording the biography of the heroic woman general Le Chan
* Statue of woman general Le Chan: erected in the middle of the Temple's apse
* Been recognized by the state as a historical site of national level.
ACTIVITY
In small groups, make up conversations about asking and recommending
places to stay, places to eat and transportation from Hai Phong to other
places.
Use the suggestions below.
- Places to stay:
* Hoa Binh Hotel (Peace Hotel): 104 Luong Khanh Thien Street. Double rooms cost $10; with air-conditioning. The hotel has an attached restaurant
* Cat Bi Hotel: 29 Tran Phu Street. Rooms cost: $15
* Hotel du Commerce: 62 Dien Bien Phu Street.
* Duyen Hai Hotel: 5 Nguyen Tri Phuong Street
* Bach Dang Hotel: 42 Dien Bien Phu Street
* Hong Bang Hotel: 64 Dien Bien Phu Street
- Places to eat:
Hai Phong is noted for its excellent fresh seafood, which is available from every hotel restaurant.
- Transportation:
* Buses: depart Hai Phong for Bai Chay and Hon Gai
depart Hai Phong for Hanoi
* Train: One train to Hai Phong departs from Hanoi
* Boat: Being a major sea and river port, Hai Phong: connected to the rest ofVietnam by boat, ferry
Unit 12 Ha Long City - Ha Long Bay
READING

Discuss the following questions:
1. Why is Ha Long Bay recognized as one of the World Natural Heritages of Vietnam? When?
2. What does Ha Long mean?
3. What is the best way to travel to and around Ha Long Bay?
Read the extract from a guide book to Ha Long Bay and answer the questions given:
Ha Long Bay - a World Natural Heritage
Magnificent Ha Long Bay, with its 3,000 islands rising from the clear, emerald waters of the Gulf of Tokin, is one of the natural marvels of Vietnam. Visitors have compares the area's magical landscape of carboniferous chalk islets to Guilin, China, and Krabi in southern Thailand.
These tiny islands are dotted with innumerable beaches and grottoes created by the wind and the waves. The closed-in bay, which is 180 kilometres away from Hanoi capital tc-the Northeast, covers an area of 1,500 square kilometers.
The name Ha Long Bay means Where the Dragon Descends into the Sea. Legend has it that the islands of Ha Long Bay were created by a great dragon who lived in the mountains. As it ran towards the coast, its flaiting tail gouged out valleys and crevasses: as it plunged into the sea, the area dug up by the tail became filled with water, leaving only bits of high land visible, forming thousands of islands and islets.
Traveling on the bay, we seem to be lost in a naturally marvelous landscape picture, with stone mounts of different names: Mount Trong Mai (Hen and Cock), Mount Bai Tho (Piece of Poem), Mount Ga Choi (Fighting Cock)... Especially, these stone islets seem to change colour from different views and different times in a day. Grottoes and caves in Ha Long Bay bear different names and shapes: Thien Cung (Heavenly Palace), Dau Go (Hidden Logs), Trinh Nu (Virginal Girl), Sung Sot (Surprise)... These grottoes are closely related to historic legend in our ancestor's long resistance wars against foreign invasions. Apart from natural beauty, visitors to Ha Long have chances to study its bio-diversity in limestone ecological systems: coral reefs, ponds on the mount peaks, seashells and riches of vegetation and animals: birds, monkeys, chickens or fisheries squids... Scientists and archeologist have discovered archeological sites in the regions: Dong Mac, Xich Tho, Soi Nhu, Cai Beo... dating back to 5.000 - 10,000 years.
First-ranking in its beauty, geological structures and seascapes, Ha Long Bay was twice stated as World Natural Heritage (1st time in the 18th meeting in 1994, the World Heritage Committee officially recognised Ha Long in the list of the world Natural Heritages for its beauty: 2nd time in the year 2000 at the 24th meeting the World Heritage Committee recognized Ha Long as global value in geological and geographical structures. The World Heritage Committee officially recognized Ha Long as one of the natural attraction that has been well-known and most favoured by visitors at home and abroad.
Questions to answer:
1. Where is Ha Long Bay located? What places elsewhere do people compare the bay with? Why?
2. What is the total area of Ha Long Bay? How many islands and islets are there?
3. Summary the legend that explains the creation of Ha Long Bay and its name as well?
4. Give some names of the islets and grottoes in Ha Long Bay? Where do thesenames result from?
5. What are the most important values of the bay? How many times was it renowned as the World Natural Heritage? Give the exact dates

VOCABULARY
Tour operators
Match these words with their definitions.
1
reservation agent
a)
2
e-commerce
b)
3
tailor-made holidays
c)
4
expansion
d)
5
downside
e)
6
merger
f
7
takeover
g)
8
independent concern
h)
disadvantage
someone who books holidays for people
when two companies join to become one
selling goods and services on the internet
single company
when one company buys another
tour package designed for a single client
growth
WRITING
Write a passage about Ha Long City. Use the following suggestions.
- The principle city of Quang Ninh province
- Established at the beginning of 1995 on the land of the former Hon Gai town
- On the map, see the two land parts of the city separated from each other by the deep sea Cua Luc strait
- Local people call: west land- Hon Gai, east one- Bai Chay
- Bai Chay: main tourist centre of Ha Long, restaurants, entertainment centres, post offices, hospitals, railway station, ferry to Hon Gai...
- Hon Gai: bulk of population, administrative, commercial and industrial centre of Ha Long City, National Highway 18 to border town Mong Cai where the border gateway of Dong Hung is located.

ACTIVITY
In small groups, talk about Quang Ninh Province. Use the suggestions below.
- Area: 5,938 km2
- Population: 889,000
- Provincial capital: Ha Long City
- Location: north-east of Vietnam
- Share border with China: north, a 170 km stretch, Hai Phong: south, Lang Son: west, Gulf of Bac Bo (Tonkin ): east
- Coastline: 250 km long
- Temperature: 25°C
- Rich in natural resources: forests..., maritime products and particularly large deposits of coal which account for90 % of the country's total coal deposits.
Unit 13 Ha Long Bay: Some Famous
Caves and Grottoes
READING
PRE- READING TASK
Look at the photos and name these places. What make(s) you recognize them?
Give some factual information concerning the place.
Read the text about Dau Go.
Dau Go
Dau Go is also on Dau Go island close to Thien Cung grotto. Its name, which translated means " large wooden stakes", apparently derives from the belief that it was the production workshop and store for the ironwood stakes to be embedded in the bed of the Bach Dang river as a defence against war against Mongolia invaders in the 13th century. However, this explanation is questionable. The French called it 'Grotto des Merveilles' : 'the Grotto of Wonders'. Today, a flight of 90 steps with a souvenir kiosk at the bottom and a modern lighting system have been installed. A wooden circular walkway, 500m long with automatic lighting set downwards and designed to have minimum impact on the cave's natural appearance, was built to allow for access by tourists before the cave was officially opened on September 1st, 1999.
Dau Go' three chambers together cover an area of about 500m2. Its mouth resembles a large starfish and is just over 20m above sea level. From there, the path descends to the cave's floor and winds towards the rear where the cave narrows. Looking down from the railed wooden platform at the cave's entrance, tourists see most of the floor of the cave with its many massive columns, stalactites, stalagmites and deep passages to the rear. The first vaulted chamber is over 20m high with many stalactites hanging down. The second chamber is narrower and lower and only partially lit. The third chamber is wider with a well with clean water at one end. In the middle of the chamber is a large stone column over 20m high and covered with an abundance of natural decoration: it is said to resemble an image of a Buddha seated high on the column and looking down at a battle of elephants, horses, lions and warriors with swords and spears. Near the cave gate is a stele over a metre high. The carved script is now illegible, but a nearby text in Vietnamese explains that it is about the travels of King Khai Dinh and the Freeh Governor Paul Doumet from Luc Dau Giang ( Kiep Bac ) through Hai Phong to Ha Long by boat. King Khai Dinh wrote a poem to praise this cave's beauty. In 1962, President Ho Chi Minh visited Dau Go.
Answer the questions
1. Where does Dau Go located?
2. What does it mean in English?
3. What does it derive from the belief?
4. What did the French call it?
5. What is it decorated nowadays?
6. When was it officially opened?
7. How large is the cave?
8. How high is it to the sea?
9. What does its mouth look like?
10. How is the first chamber formed?
4. What reportedly happened in Ha Long Bay in 1898? Is there a link between the event and the name of Ha Long?
5. Just give a summary of the legend or myth explaining the name Ha Long. Do you believe in the validity of the Ha Long legend? How reliable is the legend, in your opinion?
6. If it is scientifically approved that there is no truth in the legend, will you, as a tour guide at the bay keep on telling the story to foreign tourists? If yes, say why?
- 15 km south of Bai Chay
- Home for young lovers, a popular romantic rendezvous site
- According to the legend:

* Poor fisherman's daughter: beautiful, served the rich administrator of the fishing zone
* Rich man: want the fisherman give him their daughter as a concubine
* Fisherman's daughter: have a lover, refuse to marry the rich man
* Richman: get angry, exile her to a wild island
* The girl: suffer from hunger and exhaustion, one night turn to stone
* The same night: her lover, know of her danger, row his boat to search her, a tempest destroy his boat, he, float to a nearby island, flash of lightening, see his lover, call her, but the call, drive away by the wind, his final exhaustion, also turn to stone

- When visit Virgin Grotto, see petrified girl with her long hair hanging down and eyes looking towards the mainland
- Opposite: Male Grotto, young man's face, turn towards his mate
HA LONG: A LAND OF LEGEND

READING
PRE-READING TASK

Discuss: Why is it said that Ha Long is a land of mysterious land?
HA LONG - BAY OF THE DESCENDING DRAGON
"Ha Long" is literally translated as "Bay of Descending Dragons." Prior to the 19th century, this name was not recorded in any document or archive. When mentioning the present-day Quang Ninh Sea or Ha Long Bay, old historical books often referred to them by the names of An Bang, Luc Thuy or Van Don. Not until the late 19th century did the name of Ha Long Bay appear on a French Marine Map. "The Hai Phong News"
A French newspaper of the time had an article, "Dragon appears on Ha Long Bay", reporting the following story: In 1898 a sub-lieutenant named Lagredin, captaining the 'Avalanse' reported seeing a huge sea snake on Ha Long Bay. This was also witnessed by many of the crews, thus, emerged the European image of the Asian dragon. Whether this appearance of a strange animal looking like a dragon resulted the name of Ha Long Bay is not known (Reference "Quang Ninh: Art and Culture" published in 2002).
So where did the name Ha Long Bay originate? A legend has been handed down in the local area relating to the name Ha Long Bay, which tells the following tale:
"Long ago, in the first founding days, the Viet people were attacked by foreign aggressors. The Jade Emperor sent the Mother Dragon and her band of Child Dragons to help the Viet people fight the invaders. While the enemy vessels were launching massive attacks against the mainland, the dragons descended in flocks from the sky. They spat out innumerable pearls which changed into jade stone islands the moment they touched the water. These islands linked together to form firm citadels that checked the enemy's advance and smashed their vessels to pieces. After the invaders were driven out, Mother Dragon and her Child Dragons did not return to Heaven but stayed on earth, right at the place where the battle occurred. The spot where the Mother Dragon landed was Ha Long, and where the Child Dragons came down was Bai Tu Long. The place where their tails violently wagged was called Long Vi, the present-day Tra Co Peninsula with its soft sandy beach stretching many kilometers."
This myth is in line with the Vietnamese myth of their origin Con Rong Chau Tien. This myth describes the union between a king (representing the dragon) and his bride (representing a goddess) giving birth to 100 children which are the ancestors of the Vietnamese people. The Ha Long myth illustrates the Vietnamese belief of their origin and the fact that throughout their history, they are aided by their ancestors, the dragon and the gods, in the defense of their land.
Discuss:
1. How can the name Ha Long Bay be explained in simple language?
2. What was the bay previously often referred to as?
3. When did the name Ha Long come into being?
7. What reportedly happened in Ha Long Bay in 1898? Is there a link between the event and the name of Ha Long?
8. Just give a summary of the legend or myth explaining the name Ha Long. Do you believe in the validity of the Ha Long legend? How reliable is the legend, in your opinion?
9. If it is scientifically approved that there is no truth in the legend, will you, as a tour guide at the bay keep on telling the story to foreign tourists? If yes, say why?
- 15 km south of Bai Chay
- Home for young lovers, a popular romantic rendezvous site
- According to the legend:
* Poor fisherman's daughter: beautiful, served the rich administrator of the fishing zone
* Rich man: want the fisherman give him their daughter as a concubine
* Fisherman's daughter: have a lover, refuse to marry the rich man
* Richman: get angry, exile her to a wild island
* The girl: suffer from hunger and exhaustion, one night turn to stone
* The same night: her lover, know of her danger, row his boat to search her, a tempest destroy his boat, he, float to a nearby island, flash of lightening, see his lover, call her, but the call, drive away by the wind, his final exhaustion, also turn to stone

- When visit Virgin Grotto, see petrified girl with her long hair hanging down and eyes looking towards the mainland
- Opposite: Male Grotto, young man's face, turn towards his mate
Unit 14Ha Tay
READING
Ha Tay Province
Ha Tay is located in the Red River Delta surrounded by Hanoi, Hung Yen, Ha Nam, Hoa Binh, and Phu Tho province. The Kinh ethnic majority account for 99% of the province's population; the remaining population are from
the Muong and Dao ethnic groups.
The tropical monsoon climate is divided into three microclimates according to landscape: the plain zone, with a hot and humid climate affected by marine winds; the hilly zone, with a continental climate affected by western winds; and the Ba Vi mountainous zone, with a cool climate and an average temperature of 18°C.
Famous sites include Huong Pagoda, Tay Phuong Pagoda, and hundreds of caves, which were used as homes. Most festivals and activities in Ha Tay take place during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd lunar months after Tet holidays. The most famous are the pilgrimage to Huong Pagoda, and Thay Pagoda and Tay Phuong Pagoda Festivals
Ha Tay province lies to the southwest of and at the entrance to Hanoi capital city. For this reason all the tourist attractions of the province are around 50km from the centre of Hanoi and easily accessible by land.

Answer the following questions:
1. Where is Ha Tay province located? What ethnic groups is its population composed of?
2. What is Ha Tay's climate characterized by? Is it suitable for tourist development?
3. What are the most attractive tourist spots in the province? When do all the main festivals take place?
4. Why is it said that the province has a great advantage for tourism development
WRITING
Write passages about Huong Pagoda and Huong Tich Grotto. Use the suggestions below.
1. Huong Pagoda
- Stand amidst a large area of scenic interest, name: Huong Son
- In My Due district, 70 km southwest of Hanoi
- From Hanoi through Ha Dong and Van Dinh, reach Ben Due wharf
- Embark on a 3km cruise by boat along the Yen Vi stream to the entrance of the forest leading to the pagoda
- Huong Pagoda: a complex of pagodas and Buddhist shrines and natural scenery, consist of mountains, forests, rivers, streams, lakes and grottos

2. Huong Tich Grotto
- Through the gate, 120 steps descending to the grotto
- At the entrance, the "Heaven's Gate" (path to Heaven) and the "Hell Gate"(descending to Hell)
- 18th" Century, Lord Trinh Sam: 5 words, " Nam Thien De Nhat Dong", mean:"The most beautiful grotto under southern sky", carve onto the granite slab at the entrance to Huong Tich Grotto

ACTIVITY
In small groups, talk about Tay Phuong Pagoda. Use the suggestions below.
- Built in the 17th Century in Tay Phuong Village, 40 km from Hanoi
- Built on a small hill
Unit 15 Phu Tho

Look at the map of Phu Tho province
Work in groups, try to give an overview of the province on the following points:
• Area
• Population
• Capital
• Administrative divisions
• Location
• Ethnic groups
• Transport
- Climb 239 sandstone steps, reach the entrance of the pagoda
- Consist of three parallel single-level structures: worshipping hall, central altar, rear hall
- Each structure: covered with double-desk roofs, wooden rims of the roof: well decorated with carvings of diverse figures, leaves and dragons
- Nearly 100 figures of different size carved from jackfruit wood
- A great number of statues in the pagoda: among the masterpieces of the country.

Hung King Temple
The Hung Kings Temple is a complex of majestic buildings located on the Nghia Linh Mountain, Phong Chau district, in Phu Tho province. The complex consists 3j§jj§ of Ha Temple and Pagoda, Gieng Temple, Trung and . _ .. Thuong Temples, and Hung King's Tomb. Two hundred and twenty five steps lie between Dai Mon Gate and Ha Temple, which was built in the 15th century.
According to the legend, Au Co gave birth to a pouch containing 100 eggs, which hatched to produce 100 children. Her husband, Lac Long Quan, led 50 children down to the coastal region to populate the land and propagate the race. Au Co brought 49 children up to the mountainous area. The eldest child, Hung Vuong, was left to become King; he founded the capital in Phong Chau and named the country Van Lang.
In front of the Ha temple, there is a 1,000-year-old tree. It is in this temple that President Ho Chi Minh had a talk with the soldiers on their way to Hanoi in 1954. He told them 'The Hung Kings had the merit of founding the country, we have to protect it'.

Over 150 steps must then be climbed to get to Trung Temple. According tolegends, the Hung Kings built this temple as a place to rest and hold political meetings. It is also where Prince Lang Lieu presented sticky rice cakes to his father, the King, on the occasion of Tet Holiday.
Continuing up the hill is the Thuong Temple. It was built by the 6th Hung King to worship Thanh Giong, a legendary hero who erected two stone pillars and swore to
take care of the temple and of the Hung family's inheritance.
At the foot of the hill is the well. Ngoc Hoa and Tien Dung, the 18th Hung King's daughters, have been worshipped at this temple. It is said that the two princesses used to comb their hair and look at themselves in the water of this well.
Nowadays, the nearby public reception house, Cong Quan, houses the Hung Kings Museum, built to present numerous artifacts from the dawn of the nation when the Hung Kings founded and ruled the country
Answer the following questions
1. Why is the Hung King Temple known as a complex of majestic temples rather than a single one?
2. What can the names of these temples be interpreted in English?
3. How many steps are there between Dai Mon Gate and Ha temple?
4. Is there a famous legend about the origin of Vietnamese people closely linked with the Temple? Just retell it briefly
5. What important event took place in Ha Temple in 1954?
6. What role did Trung Temple play under Hung King dynasty?
7. Who was Thuong Temple initially devoted to?
8. Who are Ngoc Hoa and Tien Dung? What did they often do by the well?
9. Where can visitors see ancient artifacts of Hung King's reign?
WRITING
Write a passage about Den Hung Remains. Use the suggestions below.
- Den Hung Remains: located 95 km from Hanoi
- this group of remains is tied to the legend about the 18th Hung King who built Van Lang State, with Phong Chau as the capital.
- tomb Hung King
- legend about Saint Giong
- Gieng Temple : located - foot mountain - a well called Ngoc (emerald) - the princesses Tien Dung and Ngoc Hoa - look at their reflection- comb their hair
- remain on Nghia Linh Mountain : many artifacts and remains of the Van Lang civilization: stone axes, bronze spears, ceramic bowls and plates , stone column, terra-cotta jars, bricks and tiles.
ACTIVITY
Tell your tourists about Tham Mountain. Use the suggestions below.
- Tham Mountain : called Dau Rong Mountain
- located along the main road-Thanh Ba industrial zone
- on the peak - small pond called Ao Tien (Fairy Pond)
- full of pure blue water
- surrounding Than Mountain - hundreds of small hills
- on the hill - grow tea, lacquer-plants and mu oil trees
- in the area- produce cement, alcohol, and fertilizers
.Unit 16 Lao Cai
READING
Read quickly the extract from a guide book describing Lao Cai and try to summarise it in about 100 words
Lao Cai (in Vietnamese, Lao Cai, in Chinese ^Hij, literally means 'Old Streets') is a province of Vietnam. It is located in the north of the country. It borders the provinces of Ha Giang, Yen Bai, Son La and Lai Chau as well as the province of Yunnan in the People's Republic of China. Lao Cai is accessible to China through a steel bridge that serves as a border gate. Lao Cai province is centered on the city of Lao Cai itself. It is divided into eight districts: Muong Khuong, Bat Xat, Bac Ha, Bao Thang, Sa Pa, Bao Yen, Van Ban, and Si Ma Cai.
Lao Cai is a mountainous region. In the northwest of the province is Fanxipang, Vietnam's highest mountain. The province is bisected by the Red River, the most significant river of northern Vietnam, which flows out of China towards the capital of Hanoi. Much of the province is heavily forested. The temperature generally ranges between 18°C and 28°C, although lowland areas tend to have less variation than mountainous areas.
Like many provinces in the northern highlands, Lao Cai is less wealthy than many other provinces of Vietnam. The GDP per capita is generally around US$185. Traditional economic activities such as agriculture and forestry remain important, but the province has also been attempting to attract foreign investment in the area. Cross-border trade with China is also a growing source of income.
The population of Lao Cai province includes a number of Vietnam's ethnic minority groups, with the Hmong, Tay, and Dao
being the most noticeable. If you are on time for the market, you can enjoy the happy smiling faces of young girls of ethnic minorities in their traditional colourful costumes. Going to the market is not always for shopping but for showing their happiness and beauty to others, especially for young men to enjoy. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the equivalent meaning of Lao Cai in Chinese language?
2. Where is the province located? How close is the distance from Lao Cai to Chinese territory?
3. What are the most significant features of Lao Cai in terms of geography and economic development?
4. How many ethnic groups are there in the province? What are they like?
5. In your opinion, what is the most appealing attraction of Lao Cai for tourists?
WRITING
Write passages about Fansipan and Bac Ha Market.
1. Fansopan
-9 km south-west of Sa Pa in the Hoang Lien Son Mountain
- take 6 days or 7 days to reach the 3,143 m summit, the highest peak of the Indochina Peninsula
- Muong Hoa Valley, created by narrow strip of land at the base on the east side of the mountain
-1,680 plant species, divided into 679 families
2. Bac Ha Market
- 80km from downtown Sa Pa
- surrounded by trees
-spring, countryside is white with blossoms -market on every Sunday
- a trading centre, meeting place for couples, friends
- a typical day for the H'Mong and other minority groups living in the locality -local products for sale
-eat Thang Co. a popular dish of the H'Mong and other local people

Reading SAPA

Area: 678,6 sq. km
Population: 38,200 habitants
Administrative division:
- Townlet: Sapa
- Communes: Ban Khoang, Ta Giang Phinh, Trung Chai, Ta Phin, Sa Pa, San Sa Ho, Ban Phung, Lao Chai, Hau Thao, Thanh Kim, Ta Van, Su Pan, Suoi Thau, Ban Ho, Thanh Phu, Nam Sai, Nam Cang.
Located 38km from Lao Cai City, Sapa is a mountainous district of Lao Cai Province. Sapa District is very well-known with Sapa Townlet, a beautiful and romantic resort.At the height of 1,600m above sea level, the average temperature of the area is 15-18°C. It is cool in summer and cold in winter.
Visitor to Sapa in summer can feel the climate of four seasons in one day. In the morning and afternoon, it is cool like the weather of spring and autumn. At noon, it is as sunny and cloudless as the weather of summer. And it is cold in the evening. With no advance warning of a thunderstorm short and heavy rains may come at noon on any summer day. Subsequently, a rainbow appears, transforming Sapa into a magic land, which for years has been a constant source of poetic inspiration, lights up the whole region.
The best time to witness the scenic beauty of Sapa is in April and May. Before that period, the weather might be cold and foggy; after that period is the rainy season. In April and May, Sapa is blooming with flowers and green pastures. The clouds that settle in the valley in early morning quickly disappear into thin air.
Sapa has many natural sites such as Ham Rong Mountain, Silver Waterfall, Rattan Bridge, Bamboo Forest and Ta Phin Cave.Sapa is also the starting point for many climbers and scientists who want to reach the top of Fansipan Mountain, the highest mountain in Vietnam at 3,143m. Hoang Lien Mountain Range is also called the Alps of the North Sea area since Fansipan Mountain is not only the highest peak in Vietnam, but also in the Indochina Peninsula. The pyramid-shaped mountain is covered with clouds all year round and temperatures often drop below zero, especially at high elevations.The first thing you notice when approaching the resort town are some detached wooden mansions and villas perched on a hill top or hillside, behind thick pine forests and almost invisible on this foggy morning. Old and new villas with red roofs now appear and now disappear in the green rows of pomu trees, bringing the town the beauty of European towns.
Fresh and cool air in Sapa is an idea climate condition for growing temperate vegetables such as cabbage, chayote, precious medicinal herbs, and fruit trees such as plum, pear…

Sapa is home to various families of flowers of captivating colours, which can be found nowhere else in the country. When Tet, the Lunar New Year Festival, comes, the whole township of Sapa is filled with the pink colour of peach blossom brought from the vast forests of peach just outside the town. Sapa is regarded as the kingdom of orchids. Here, orchid lovers are even amazed by the choice, when trekking in the forest filled with several hundred kinds of orchids of brilliant colours and fantastic shapes, such as Orchid Princess, Orchid of My Fair Lady's Shoe. Some orchids are named after lovely singing birds such as the canary, salangane's nest, and more.Sapa is most beautiful in spring. Apricot, plum and cherry flowers are splendidly beautiful. Markets are crowded and merry, and are especially attractive to visitors. Minority groups come here to exchange and trade goods and products. Market sessions are also a chance for locals to promenade and young men and women in colorful costumes to meet, date or seek sweethearts.
Visitors to Sapa will have opportunities to discover the unique customs of the local residents.
ACTIVITY
Look at the information about the tour to Sa Pa below and prepare a talk recommending it to a group of foreign tourists.

Unit 17 Bac Ninh, Bac Giang
READING
PRE-READING TASK
What are shown in each picture?
1. What do you think the people are doing in the first picture? What tradition do they represent?
2. What aspects of the second picture are peculiar to people?
3. Who is the temple dedicated to in the third picture?
Work in pairs:
1. Have you ever been to The Lim Festival? Where and when does it take place?
2. What popular activities and events are held during the festival? Which of these do you like? Why?
3. Do you know any popular topics of Dong Ho pictures? What are they intended to depict?
4. How are materials used for Dong Ho paintings made?
Lim Festival
The Lim Festival, organized in Lim village, is located 18 km from Hanoi, where Quan Ho, the special folk songs are performed. It takes place every year on 13th day of the 1st lunar month. Tens of thousands of visitors come here to enjoy the dialogue performances between "lien anh" (male singers) and "lien chi" (female singers), the country's most skilled Quan Ho singers. These are male and female farmers who sing different types of songs in the pagodas, on the hills, and in the boats. Besides this, visitors can come to the Lim Festival to enjoy the weaving competition of the Noi Due girls. They weave and sing Quan Ho songs at the same time. Like other religious festivals, the Lim Festival goes through all the ritual stages, from the procession to the worshipping ceremony, and includes other activities.
The Lim Festival is a special cultural activity in the North. The festival celebrates the "Quan Ho" folk songs which have become a part of the national culture and the typical folk song that is well loved in the Red River Delta region.
The Lim Festival is also celebrated with traditional temple games. In one game, teenage girls must mind a stranger's baby, chew pieces of sugar cane in order to create fuel with which to start and maintain a fire, cook rice, and prevent a frog from jumping out of a circle marked on the ground. If the baby cries, the fire goes out or the frog escapes, the girl is disqualified.
Dong Ho Paintings
Lying close to the Duong River, about 40 km East of Hanoi, is
Dong Ho village. Formerly known as Dong Mai (or simply Mai)
village, Ho canton, Sieu Loai district, Kinh Bac county (now
Song Ho village, Thuan Thanh district, Ha Bac province) , Dong
Ho has a long-standing art tradition. Of the ancient river-side
village, there remains only stone stelae lying where once stood
the village pagoda. Erected under the Mac dynasty (16th century), they give us an
approximate age of Dong Ho. One of the stelae, the "Do Ho Tu Bi" dated 1680, has
on its upper part a full-moon shape engraving depicting two mice - folk art

characters - pounding rice. This to a certain extent confirms the existence of folk painting in Dong Ho and its links with the village pagoda in the past.
Nowadays, woodprint making in Dong Ho is not as bustling as it was centuries ago.
But, local families still preserve hundreds of ancient printing
woodblocks as a precious heritage with which year after year
they keep printing new copies on the orders placed by
customers. The Dong Ho Paintings are printed by hand, each
colour having its own printing block. (As an exception, there
could be seen some Dong Ho hand-coloured paintings). The
printing paper is made of "zo", a papyrus-like plant, bark fibre,
and coated with a thin layer of "diep" (oyster shell dust) , that gives the paper a typical, much appraised, feeble-glittering texture.
The printing inks come from domestically available materials of vegetal or mineral origin: soft black from dried and charred bamboo leaves, red from cinnabar dust, and silvery white from finely ground oyster shells. The Dong Ho Paintings appear only on the occasion of the Lunar New Year Festival. Therefore, both their form (lines, colours) and contents suit Spring time and
bring out man's aspiration for a life of plenty and happiness. They represent an original genre of folk pictorial art, with a distinct national dentity and a centuries' old tradition.
Referring to dates
When describing festivals and traditions always say:
• What the event is called and give a translation or explanation It is known as ... which mean ...
• When and when the event takes place It takes place in ...
It is held in/on/between ...
• What the history / significance of the event isIt signifies I represents I symbolizes I means ...It commemorates I celebrates the ...
It is associates with ...
• What happens at the event
People decorate floats I let off fireworks I wave flags ... Now choose a festival of your interest and describe it using these prompts above.

WRITING
Write a passage about Dau Pagoda. Use the suggestions below.
- located in Thanh Khuong village, Thuan Thanh district
- 30km from Hanoi
- built at the beginning of the 3rd century
- in Buddha's main sanctuary - a large statue of the female genie Phap Van, seated on a lotus flower
- near the temple - a famous tower built in the 6th century, stone tower- Hoa Phong, 17 m high, built as a protection against evil winds.

ACTIVITY
Tell your tourists about But Thap Pagoda. Use the suggestions below.
- Another name: Ninh Phuc
- Situated in But Thap village, Thuan Thanh district
- 30 km north of Hanoi
- Built in 1646 under the order of Lord Trinh Trang
- The whole architectural complex: 10 mansions with 162 partitions -10 mansions: divided into two main parts
- To the right of the pagoda: Giant Bao Nghiem Tower, made of stone, 13 m high
- Behind the pagoda: another tower, ton Due, 10 m high
- The pagoda: examples of wood carvings, statue of Buddha with one thousand hands and one thousand eyes, and statue ofTay Thien Dong Do Vietnam
- Some 90 carvings and bass reliefs on the wall of the tower and corridors
- These stone carvings: depict topics of every-day life in traditional Vienamese society.
Unit 18 Ninh Binh
READING
Read the texts about Hoa Lu and Cue Phuong National Park. 1. Lu - an ancient Capital of Dai Co Viet.
The region of Ninh Binh has been favoured by nature, as Day river, the Van Sang river, the Non Nuoc and Canh Dieu mountains etc , are located in the region. The harmonious mingling of the mountains, plains, rivers and sea have created strangely attractive landscapes.
In this province, Hoa Lu was chosen as the capital of Dai Viet in the 10th century.
Besides the Tarn Diep mountains were the location of King Quang Trung's
headquarters on his way to fight Chinese invaders.
In 968, Dinh Bo Linh ascended to the throne of King Dinh Tien Hoang. The country was then called Dai Viet and Hoa Lu was its capital for 41 years( 968- 1009). In 1010, Ly Thai To moved the capital from Hoa Lu to Thang Long. Hoa Lu is 13 km from Ninh Binh town, near the village of Truong Yen. Tourists visiting Hoa Lu can see two temples 500m apart from each other on the ground of the ancient palaces. One is dedicated to King Dinh Tien Hoang and the other to King Le Dai Hanh. On the 10th day of the third lunar month, a great number of pilgrims come to Hoa Lu to pay tribute to Kings Dinh and Le.
2. Cue Phuong National Park
Located only 100km south-west of Hanoi, Cue Phuong National Park borders with Binh, and Thanh Hoa provinces. The park is conveniently located on the route tourist attractions, including Bich Dong Pagoda, Hoa Lu, Sam Son Beach.
This tropical Dical forest was discovered in I960 and was turned into a national park two years later. Cue Phuone is famous for its tens of picturesque caves, among which Dong Nguoi Xua where prehistoric stone tools was found.
The park is home to some 2,000 species of flora and the 450 species fauna account for 38 % of national fauna. Some rare trees of the Parashorea and Dracontomelum families reach 1,000 years of age and from 50 to 70m in height. At least 50 varieties of orchids grow in Cue Phong, most of them fragrant all year round. The National Park is also home to 262 species of animals, birds and reptiles, including elephants, tigers, deer, flying squirrels, flying lizards, and boa constrictors. The best time to visit the park is during the dry months from December to April.
Answer the questions.
1. When was Hoa Lu chosen as the capital of Dai Viet?
2. When did Dinh Bo Linh ascend to the throne?
3. How long had the capital's name "Hoa Lu" been existed?
4. Where is Cue Phuong National Park situated?
5. How large is the park?
6. When was it discovered?
7. What is it famous for?
8. How many flora and fauna does it have?
9. What animals are existed in the park?
10.What is the best time to visit the park?

WRITING
Write 2 passages about Bich Dong Cave and Tam Coc Cave. Use the suggestions below. 1. Bich dong Cave
- in the Ngu Nhac Son Mountain, Dam Khe village, Hoa lu District, Ninh Binh
- 1773 Nguyen Nghiem - Nguyen Du's father visited the cave
- after viewing the whole scenery of the mountains, waterways, fields and sky covered with green mist, - give a cave very beautiful and romantic name
Bich Dong, mean 'Green Pearl Cave'
- It is said to be the second most beautiful cave in Vietnam 2. Tam Coc Cave
- take a boat from Van Lam wharf to reach Tam Coc Cave
- consist of Hang Ca, Hang Hai, Hang Ba
- these caves are adorned with stalactites and stalagmites of different shapesand colours that sparkle like gemstones
ACTIVITY
Tell your tourists about Dinh and Le Temples. Use the suggestions below.
1. Dinh Temple.
- located in Truong Yen village, Hoa Lu District
- built in the shape of a Chinese character
- first entrance (Ngo Mon) - a royal stone bed with a unicorn standing on both sides
- outside the temple - Khai Thanh sanctuary - dedicate to Emperor Dinh's parents.
- the temple divide 3 sanctuaries: Bai Duong - community, Thieu Huong - in honour of mandarins, Chinh Cung - statue of Dinh Tien Hoang. Dinh Lien, Dinh Hang Lang and Dinh Toan
- on each side of the altar, there is a stone dragon similar to the ones placed near royal beds.
2. Le Temple
- situated in Truong Yen Thuong village, Hoa Lu,
- 500m from Dinh temple
- similar to Dinh temple but smaller
- consist of 3 parts: Bai Duong, Thieu Huong, altar
- Thieu Huong: memory of the royal mandarins of Le King
- statue of Le Hoan - in the centre
- on the left: statue of Queen Duong Van Nga
- on the right: statue of Le Ngoa Trieu
Unit 19 Thanh Hoa
READING
Read the text about Thanh Hoa Tourist attractions , work in pairs, discuss the following :
- Capital city's location
- Ethnic groups
- Highlights
- Well - known history remains
Give the names of tourist attractions in Thanh Hoa province.
- Work with a partner and check the information of the tourist attractions you have got with your partner
THANH HOA TOURIST ATTRACTIONS:
Dong Son remains , which are the remains of the first Vietnamese civilization, are situated on both sides of the Ma River. These remains, discovered in 1924, represent the creative talents of the Vietnamese in building and defending the country. Three sites are situated in the region of Thanh Hoa. In this area, there is a mountain in the shape of a dragon (Rong) playing with an emerald (Ngoc). The Ham Rong Bridge used to join the Rong and Ngoc Mountains. The bridge is connected to heroic stories of the period of fighting against American aggressors and is listed as a national monument.
Vong Phu Mountain is situated 3 km south-west of Thanh Hoa City in Dong Hung village, Dong Son District. This is a naturally created limestone mountain that looks like a woman facing the East Sea. This metaphor relates to a legend about a woman who waited so long for her husband that she turned to stone. Thus, this mountain is named Vong Phu, or Waiting Husband mountain.
Located 16 km from Thanh Hoa city, Sam Son Beach is an excellent location for bathing. The beach became a famous seaside resort in the early part of the 20th century. A number of villas were built on the beach before the first Indochina War, including one belonging to King Bao Dai, the last King of the Nguyen Dynasty. Besides the beach , Sam Son offers scenic spots such as Trong Mai island, Doc Cuoc
Temple and Mount Co Tien.
One-legged Deity Temple, also called Doc Cuoc Temple, is erected on Co Giai rock, on the Truong Le Mountain, next to Sam Son sea resort.
It is the place of worship for the one-legged Deity. According to legend, a young giant tore his body to fight at the same time a marine monster and enemies on land in order to protect the inhabitants of Sam Son. The latter decided to build a pagoda in his honour on a rock that bore a giant footprint.
Under the Tran Dynasty, the Temple has been restored several times.
Hon Trong Mai is located in the Truong Le mountain in Sam Son town. Hon Trong Mai is a group of three rocks. The biggest rock is even, lies under the others two and looks like a big platform. One rock lying on the largest one has a sharp pointed head and looks like a rooster. The other one lies just opposite the rooster and looks like a hen. These interesting rocks illustrate the loyal love between the two animals.
Set in Tien Nong village, Trieu Son district, this complex comprises several sites, including Hoa Long pagoda, Phuc Van Pagoda, and the Bank of storks. The classic architecture of the Hoa Long and Phuc Van pagodas blends harmoniously with the natural beauty of the bank of storks.
Ho citadel was built in 1397, under the reign of King Ho Quy Ly. It was named Tay Do (west capital), but was popularly known as Ho citadel. All of the ancient citadels in Viet Nam were built with earth, except the Ho citadel, which was built entirely of granite blocks. The square citadel was surrounded by a deep moat. Its walls were made of green granite. There are four main gates on each side of the citadel. Inside are remains of the foundations of the royal palaces and two carved stone dragons.
Tu Thuc cave belongs to Nga Thien village. The stalactites and stalagmites found in this cave are beautiful forms resembling trees and dragons. The cave is tied to the legend popular in many regions of the country about Tu Thuc- Huong Giang.
Answer these questions.
1 When were Dong Son remains discovered ?
2 When was Ho citadel built?
3 What materials was Ho Citadel built of ?
4 How many gates are there on each side of the citadel ?
5 When is Ben En National Park located?
6 What is Ben En National park's area?
7 How many species of plants are there in the park?
WRITING
Use the information about the tourist attractions above and phrases below to write a short description of a tourist attraction you know.
to represent the creative talents = to be the symbol or equivalent of sth / sb
to be situated in some places
to be located in
to be connected to heroic stories
to relate to a legend about a woman
to turn to stone
to be built on some place / to be built in time / to be built of something (bricks,
granite blocks...)
to be erected on a rock or a mountain
to decide to do something
to be restored several times
to lead somebody in an uprising against (sb)
to dedicate sb
to stop over a / in some place to do sth (to see, to watch sth
to pay one's respects to somebody
to blend with sth = to combine well with sth
to be surrounded by (a deep moat)
to be compared to
to be tied to a legend
to take place to do sth
to deliver the people from a yoke of slavery
to be held to honour the memory of sb
to ask for blessings
what a blessing

ACTIVITY
Work in pairs.
Choose a place that you have known about or one of the city from this unit and make a conversation between a travel agent officer and a visitor to the place. Using the situations below.
A. a tourist information officer: Make a list of things to do and see at the tourist attractions and give advice and suggestions to the tourist.
B. a tourist : Find out what to see and do inside the city, and explain that you're only visiting for the short time and ask for some advice and suggestions.
Unit 20 Nghe An
READING
Pre Reading task
Before reading the text about Ho Chi Minh's homeland, discuss the following.
* Vinh city's location.
* Ethnic groups in Nghe An province
* Hight lights

The native land of President Ho Chi Minh
Location: The native land of President Ho Chi Minh is located in Kim Lien Commune, Nam Dan District, Nghe An Province. Characteristics: This is the place where President Ho Chi Minh was born and spent his childhood time here.

Sen Village (the homeland of Ho Chi Minh’s father)
Starting from Vinh City, take Road No. 49 until the 13th km, then turn into a red earth path lined with eucalyptus and casuarinas trees. The path will lead you to Sen, also known as Kim Lien (Golden Lotus), village where there are many lotus ponds. The thatched cottage where President Ho Chi Minh used to live during his childhood is built from bamboo and wood. It has five compartments. The interior furniture is similar to that of other farmers’ houses: a wooden bed, a bamboo chong (a bamboo bed without raised walls at the two ends), a hammock made from hemp, and an altar. It was built in 1901 with the help and donations of the villagers as a present to Nguyen Sinh Sac, President Ho Chi Minh’s father, when he gained the doctoral title at the court exam, which glorified his village.
Chua Village (the homeland of Ho Chi Minh’s mother)
Located two kilometers from Sen Village, Chua Village is just as peaceful as any other Vietnamese villages. But it is famous, both domestically and internationally, as President Ho Chi Minh’s maternal homeland and the place where he was born and brought up by his mother.
Walking through a bamboo gate and a path lined with low plums; visitors will see two simple thatched cottages, Ho Chi Minh’s house.
The Worship House - Mr. Hoang Duong’s House
Mr. Hoang Duong, President Ho Chi Minh’s maternal grandfather, built this simple cottage in 1882 to make it a place for worshipping his paternal grand grandfather, grandfather, and father. The altar is decorated in a simple but solemn fashion. Attractive to visitors is the pair of parallel sentences hung in the front of the house, which praise the family clan’s fame. The house has five compartments and two lean-tos. Three outer compartments adjoin with the worship house; so it is well ventilated. Mr. Hoang Duong used to teach his students while sitting on the wooden bed placed in the first compartment.
In the second compartment, there is a bamboo sofa and a table where he placed his pen-brushes and ink-slab. He and his students would take a rest on the bed put in the third compartment.
The remaining two compartments were used as his wife’s bedroom and the family’s living room.
Tomb of Mrs. Hoang Thi Loan
Location: Tomb of Mrs. Hoang Thi Loan is located on Mount Dong Tranh, Nam Dan District, Nghe An Province.
Characteristics: The tomb was built in 1985, on the occasion of President Ho Chi Minh’s 95th birthday anniversary.
Mrs. Hoang Thi Loan (1868-1901) was the mother of many patriotic children, including Nguyen Sinh Cung, who later became President Ho Chi Minh.From the mount foot, visitors will have to climb nearly 300 stone steps leading to the tomb. Above it is a concrete roof stylised as the loom with which Mrs. Hoang Thi Loan used to weave cloth to earn a living and feed her children.
Answer the following questions.
1. Why do people name Kim Lien village?
2. Where's Chua village:
3. Who's Hoang Thi Loan? When was she born?
4. Where's Ho Chi Minh's mother's tomb now?
Find out mistakes of the sentences below and correct them.
1. The house where Ho Chi Minh lived during his childhood was made of (a) bamboo and wood. The house is built in 1901 (b) with the help and money of the villagers and given Ho Chi Minh's father Nguyen Sinh Sac.
2. Hoang Thi Loan (1868- 1910) was the 2nd daughter of Hoang Duong, Bachelor of Arts and a native of Hoang Tru village, Nam Dan district.
3. In 1890 they moved to Hue, where she supported her whole family while her husband completed an acadamic degree.
4. In 1920, Hoang Thi Thanh, Ho Chi Minh's older sister, moved their mother's tomb to the backyard of their house in Sen village.
5. In 1985, on the occasion of the 95th anniversary of President Ho Chi Minh's birthday, the people of Nghe An built the tomb of Ho Chi Minh's mother
PRACTICE
Choose the most appropriate words / phrases for each sentence in A with those in B from the chart below

A
B
a. The house where Ho Chi Minh livedduring his childhood
b. The house
c. Cuong Temple is situated
d. According to legend, Cuong templewas erected
1. Was built in 1901 with the help andmoney of the villagers and given Ho Chi Minh's father, Nguyen Sinh Sac
2. Is made of bamboo and wood
3. On the exact location where he took his own life
4. On Mo Da mountain, near Nationalhighway 1 in Dien An village.
WRITING
Use the information about the tourist attractions in the item A above and
phrases below, write a short description of the tourist attraction you
know.
to be made of bamboo
to win a literature award
to complete an academic degree
to be designed in the shape of a loom to be out lined by pine forests
to be built for something
to spring up
to be built as
to throw something into (the river)
to provide sb with something
to ask for material self- sufficiency
Complete your written task on the following tourist attraction:
1. Ho Chi Minh's homeland
along route 49
to reach Sen village
because there're several lotus ponds
along the roads throughout the village
to be built in 1901
given Ho Chi Minh's father, Nguyen Sinh Sac win a literature award
to contain some furniture
ACTIVITY
Suppose you're a tour guide before a tourist group speaking English .Tell visitors about the information of the tourist attractions below

1. Bua Cave Festival
Time: 21st to the 23rd day of the first lunar month. Place: Chau Tien Commune, Quy Chau District, Nghe An Province. Characteristics: Spring festival of the ethnic minority.
Bua Cave is a natural landscape, situated in the range of lime stone mountains with many unique forms that are related to historical legends. On the day of the beginning spring, Bua Cave Festival is held to thank gods of Earth, Mountain. People of many other ethnic groups in the region in color ethnic dresses attend the festival. Sap dance, con throwing, pan-pipe playing, shooting cross-bow... are attractive many people. Every year, beauty contest of mountainous region is held at Bua Cave.

2. Cua Lo Beach
Location: Cua Lo Beach is situated in Cua Lo Town, Nghe An Province. Characteristics: Cua Lo Beach is one of the nicest beaches in North Vietnam with its white sand and clear blue water.
Cua Lo Beach is located 18km from Vinh. This 10km sandy beach is outlined by pine forests. Not far from the beach are 3 islands: Hon Ngu, Hon Chu, and Hon Mat with natural and primitive landscape which is attractive visitors. Once in Cua Lo, tourists can visit the islands by boat, climb the mountains, dive, and visit historical and literary sites such as the temple in honor of Nguyen Xi in Nghi Hop Commune, the Trung Kien Pagoda in Nghi Thiet Commune, and the Hoang Van family altar in Cua Lo. Nowadays in Cua Lo, a number of rest houses and hotels, and the modern services system is constructed to meet the need of the travelers.

Unit 21 Ha Tinh- Quang Binh

READING
HA TINH
Pre Reading task
Work with a partner. Give some ideas about:
- Ha Tinh town's location?
- Ethnic groups
- Hightlights in Ha Tinh province
The intersection of provincial roads 5 and 15 used to be the main junction of the supply line during the war against the United States. American aircrafts heavily bombarded the area in repeated efforts to destroy the junction. The 20km section of road underwent 2,057 air bombardments.
A unit of ten young female volunteers, aged 17 to 20, led by Vo Thi Tan was
assigned to keep the road open to traffic. Despite repeated bombardments, theybstayed at their post, using only shovels and hoes to level bomb craters.
They were all tragically killed during an air attack on 24thJuly 1968. A monument engraved with the names of the ten heroines was erected on a hill at the Dong Loc road junction.
This low mountain is located near the sea, 20km from Ha Tinh. Yen Lac Pagoda, which is separated from the foot of the mountain by a strip of sand was built in the 13th century and is listed as a national monument. It houses a famous collection of paintings.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the French built a summer resort at Thien Cam, but it was destroyed during the war. However, Thien Cam Mountain is growing in popularity as more tourists are visiting the area.
The great Vietnamese poet Nguyen Du was born in this grandiose and poetic area.
Approximately 100 pagodas, temples and shrines, including Huong Tinh Pagoda and Chan Tien Pagoda, are scattered throughout the 99 peaks of the Hong Linh Mountains.
This beautiful artificial lake, surrounded by hills and mountains in Cam Xuyen district, is located 70km south of Vinh. It took four years to build the 30km-long lake, the main dam and the ten auxiliary dams. The lake is an attractive tourist site where people can go swimming, fishing, hiking or hunting. Ke Go Lake is also an abundant source of food for the neighbouring areas. The fish and shrimps from the lake are very tasty and can reach impressive sizes.
Answer these questions:
1- Where is Ha Tinh town located?
2- Do you know something about a unit often young female volunteers at Dong Loc road junction during the war against the United States?
3- Retell the story about a unit of ten young female volunteers, without looking at your book.
4 - How many tourist attractions in Ha Tinh province? What are they?

Find out mistakes and correct these sentences.
1. The intersection of provincial roads 5 and 15 to being (a) the main junction of the supply line during the war against the United States.
2. Despite to be (b) repeated bombardments , they stayed at their post, using only shovels and hoes to leveling (c) bomb craters
3. This beautiful and artificial lake surrounding (d) by hills and mountains in Cam Xuyen District, is located 70 km South of Vinh
QUANGBINH
Before reading the text about Quang Binh provinceDs tourist attractions, discuss the following:
- Quang Binh province's capital and its foundation.
- Ethnic groups
- Hightlights

Quang Binh area is fairly intricate with mountains and forest in close proximity to the sea. The plains are narrow and they mainly border the many large rivers in the area. The coastline is 110km in length. The coast is dotted with yellow beaches that sparkle under forest of green willow trees.
Road, rail, and shipping routes are fairly well developed. This structure consists of a porch and walls built in 1630 to protect Phu Xuan, the remote capital of the Nguyen Dynasty. Due to several battles and the passage of time, the border gate has suffered heavy damages. Fortunately though, it has since been restored to its original design.
Visitors crossing the territory of Quang Binh will be delighted by the wonderful landscapes surrounding the Border Gate.
This beauty spot is 2km north of Dong Hoi town, next to the Nhat Le Estuary Nhat Le Beach is beautiful and very popular. In addition to sea bathing, visitors also have an opportunity to see the Bau Tro vestige.
In 1923, a French geologist excavated and discovered remains of Primitive Stone Age people from 5,000 years ago. This is the point of intersection of the Vietnamese and Cham cultures.
This beauty spot is situated next to National Highway 1A, 24km from the town of Dong Hoi. Ly Hoa is a small pass at the bottom of which there are many rocks breaking through the surface of the water. Not far from there, is Da Nhay Beach, a long expanse of white sand with green water and gentle waves.
The landscape is a fascinating and an ideal place for sea bathing. Visitors can also go and see the Phong Nha Caves via the river.
This set of 14 caves is situated in a region of limestone mountain in Ke Bang, 50km from Dong Hoi. The grottoes are 10 to 40m high.
A few year ago, one expedition sponsored by the Royal Society (UK) with the
participation of the Department of Geology-Geography of the College of Natural Sciences (University of Hanoi), studied the Phong Nha Caves and other surroundingcaves. The expedition reported that the Phong Nha Caves are among the deepest caves in the world. Highly specialized instruments and techniques allowed the researchers to go down 4,500m.
In April 1997, a scientific seminar was organized at the renowned tourist sight of Phong Nha-Xuan Son in Quang Binh. The research showed that the caves were the longest water - caverns with the highest and broadest entrances and the longest underground sand and stone beaches were the widest and the most beautiful. Other research has suggested that these caves contained the most magnificent underground lake and the most beautiful and magical stalactites and stalagmites. Phong Nha Caves are 50km from Dong Hoi. The entrance of the cave can only be reached by boat (3km), which takes 30 minutes.
Answer these questions:
1. Can you tell something about Quang Binh topography?
2. How long is the coastline in Quang Binh province ?
3. When was Quang Binh Border Gate built?
4. Can you define the location of Phong Nha Caves?
5. How many caves are there in Phong Nha

Are these sentences True or False? Correct them . Work in pairs.
1. Quang Binh Border Gate, this structure consists of two porches and walls built in 1603 to protect Phu Xuan, the remote capital of the Nguyen dynasty.
2. In 1932, a French historian excavated and discovered remains of primitive Stone Age people from 5000 years ago.
3. Ly Hoa is a big pass , at the bottom of which there are many rocks breaking through the surface of the water
4. In Phong Nha Caves , there is a set of 17 caves that is situated in a region of limestone mountains in Ke Bang, 50 km from Dong Hoi.
5. The report by the Royal Society (UK) and the Department of Geology -Geography of the College of Natural Sciences (Hanoi University) says that the Phong Nha Caves are among the deepest caves in the world.
6. The research showed that the caves are the longest water caverns with the highest and broadest entrances and the longest underground river in Vietnam
7. These caves contain the most magnificent underground lake and the most beautiful and magical stalactites and stalagmites
WRITING
Use the suggestions below to write a passage about one of the tourist attractions you know.
to undergo sth
despite sth (despite: preposition)
to be engraved with somebody's names in a moment
to be erected on sth
to grow in popularity
see: example from Thien Cam mountain
to reach impressive sizes
to commemorate the memory of Tam Lang genie
to be intricate with mountains and forests
to border many large rivers
to be dotted with yellow beaches
due to several battles and the passage of time to be delighted by the wonderful landscapes to pray for abundant catches to be devoted to the cult of the two human genies

ACTIVITY
Rely on your description or summary of the tourist attractions you've read, try to tell your partners about Dong Loc Road Junction. Using the suggestions below:
- The meeting place of the two provincial roads, No5 and No 15 in the hilly area of Ha Tinh province
- During the anti-US war of resistance the Dong Loc forked road : the main junction of the supply line from the north to the Ho Chi Ming Trail
- US aircrafts: concentrate a very great number of bombs, destroy the junction and surrounding area
- This less than 20 km section of road: have to undergo 2,057 bombardments from the air
- A unit of 10 young male volunteers, aged from 17 to 20,led by Miss Vo Thi Tan
- Assigned to maintain the road and keep it open to traffic
- Despite repeated heavy bombardments, stay at their post, use only shovels and hoes to level bomb craters
- They: killed during an air attack of the road on July 24th 1968
- A monument engraved with the names of the ten heroines: erected on a hill at the Dong loc junction, now surrounded with green trees.

Unit 22 Hue City

Area:70.99sq.kmPopulation: 311,641 habitants (2002)
Administrative Division:
- Wards: Phu Nhuan, An Cuu, Truong An, Phuoc Vinh, Vinh Ninh, Phu Hoi, Xuan Phu, Vy Da, Tay Loc, Thuan Loc, Thuan Thanh, Thuan Hoa, Kim Long, Phu Hoa, Phu Cat, Phu Hiep, Phu Hau, Phu Binh, Phu Thuan and Phuong Duc.
- Communes: Thuy An, Huong Long, Huong So, Thuy Xuan, Thuy Biều.
Ethnic groups: Viet (Kinh)
City is one of places which have many cultural heritage. Up to now, there is no place like Hue remaining a lot of originally historical vestiges as in this ancient Capital City.

Principal Gate

On the northern bank of Perfume River has relics consisting of palaces, which were constructed as arc defensive ramparts with 11 km length. This valuable construction includes more than 100 architectural works which were extremely reflected the life of Emperors and mandarins under reign of Nguyen.

Situated in the middle of hills on the southern bank of Perfume River are very beautiful tombs of Kings Nguyen. Among these tombs are the four famous ones with the name and the arrangements of the tomb reflected each Emperor’s points of view, personality and tastes. This is majestic Gia Long Tomb, imposing Minh Mang Tomb, poetic Tu Duc Tomb and magnificent Khai Dinh Tomb.
Hue is also an important center of Buddhism. In Hue and its surrounding still exist tens of pagodas constructed more 300 years ago, and a hundred of temples and pagodas built in the early century. Besides, Hue is a place where the royal music is originated, and a place with traditional famous dishes and sophisticated handicraft.

As a unique city of Vietnam still remains its form of City under Middle Age and the constructions of monarchic, Hue has become a big and invaluable museum. Therefore, vestiges in Hue ancient capital have been classified by the government as a very precious property and on December 1993 Hue has been recognized as a World Cultural Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Answer the following questions:
1. For how many years was Hue the political and cultural centre of thefeudal state of Viet Nam
2. When was Hue listed as a world cultural Heritage site?

WRITING
Look at the following expressions, write a passage about one of the tourist attractions you like.
to be divided into ( a tropical monsoon climate is divided into four seasons)
to be adapted to meet the tastes of the Kings ( some popular melodies)
to be listed as the world cultural heritage site
under the reign of the Emperor
to be influenced by some thing ( see Hue Emperial city)
to be accessible to sb / sth
to be accessible from some place ( a beach is accessible from the sea)
to be reserved for (the private use of some body)
to be composed of (two buildings)
to be cpmprised of (two separate halls)
to be said to be something
to be cast (in ...)
to consider sth to be sth
to be considerd to be sb
to glisten
to appear in human form
to be built according to ( similar architectural designs)
ACTIVITY
Tell your tour group about Khai Dinh's Tomb. Using the suggestions below:
- Khai Dinh: ruled from 1916 to 1925
- The construction: begin 1920, complete 1931
- The architecture: unlike that of Hue's other tombs
-36 steps between four dragon banisters to the courtyard, flanked by two pavilions
Unit 23 Da Nang
City: Hoi An- Districts: Dai Loc, Dien Ban, Duy Xuyen, Nam Giang, Thang Binh, Que Son, Hiep Duc, Tien Phuoc, Phuoc Son, Nui Thanh, Bac Tra My, Nam Tra My, Tay Giang, Dong Giang, Phu Ninh, Nong Son.Ethnic groups: Viet (Kinh), Co Tu, Xo Dang, M'Nong, Co (Cor)...
Da nang is located in the middle of Central Vietnam and is surrounded by Thua Thien-Hue, Quang Ngai, and Kon Tum provinces. The Truong Son Mountains, Laos, and the East Sea also border the province.
Da nang has various of mountains and hills (covers 72% its surface) with many high mountains Main rivers run from Truong Son Range to East Sea as Vu Gia , Thu Bon, Tam Ky rivers.
Climate Da nang climate is influenced by monsoon. The annual average temperature is 25?C. It is hot and dry from February to April and rainy from September to December. The average humidity is about 84%. The annual average rainfall is 2,000mm.
Tourism
Experiencing the ups and downs over the years, Da nang still preserves the unique historical and cultural remains of the past along with rich human values. Some of the typical cultural sites include: Hoi An Ancient Town, My Son Holy Land, Tra Kieu Old Champa Capital, Cham Towers which record the remains of Sa Huynh, Champa and the Dai Viet civilization
During many wars, Da nang was one of the cradles of the revolutionary movement. Bo Bo, Nui Chua, Vinh Trinh, Cho Duoc, Chu Lai and underground tunnels of Ky Anh, the Ho Chi Minh Trail have gone down in history as the destinations for tourist to stop and visit the former battle.
Hoi An
Hoi An is the best example of a traditional trading port in South-East Asia. It is the result of a fusion of cultures over time, from the 15th – 19th century.
Comparisons are made with Vigan (Philippines), which however has a Spanish colonial street plan as in the Americas where Hoi An organically evolved. It is also exceptional for the use of wood as a building
Hoi An has long been a cultural crossroad. More than five centuries ago the Vietnamese nation of Dai Viet expanded its territory southwards, encroaching on the Indianized Kingdom of Champa, which covered much of what is now central Vietnam. Hoi An, located on the Hoai River, emrged when Japanese and Chinese tradersbuilt a commercial district there in the 16th century.
Where in the world could remain such a cristine ancient beauty after nearly 300 circles of the four seasons? It is Hoi An – the famous Old Town in Mid Southern Vietnam…
Location
Located on the banks of the poetic Thu Bon River, in central Quang Nam province, 30 kilometers south of Da Nang, Hoi An ancient town is an Eastern oriental classic captivation. With the strategic location on the banks of the great river, with one seaside border (East), it used to be one of the major trading centers in Southeast Asia during the 16th century due to the early western trader occupying period.
History
Hoi An has been through a few centuries of history, but still remains as in the very first days of its being born. Its two main historical landmarks are the occupying of the Japanese & Chinese, and the Western (Dutch and Spanish) during the 16th and 17th centuries. Thanks to these days, the foreign comprehensively possitive and special pastimes and culture had made deep influences on the today's Hoi An.
Culture Architecture
Hoi An is fortunate to be a cultural crossroads of the Cham culture in the very first southward expansion of Dai Viet (the Vietnamese nation more than 5 centuries ago encroaching on the Indianized Kingdom of Champa, which covered much of what is now central Vietnam
1.Pho Da pagoda :
- its location -its foundation
-its architecture -its architecture style
-its specific fame
2. Son Tra peninsula
-its location
-its wonderful scenes (sea beach, historical remains, legend about female spirits
ACTIVITY Suppose you are a tour guide before a tourist group speaking English. Tell your tour group about Hoi An. Use the suggestions below
- 30 km south of Da Nang
- An ancient town lying by the Thu Bon River
- Known as Faifo to early western traders
- One of the major trading centre in southeast Asia in the 16th - 19th centuries
- Also an important port for Dutch, Portuguese, Italian, Chinese, Japanese and other merchant vessels in the Far East
- There are two streets whose original structures remain almost intact
- All the houses: made of rare wood, decorated with horizontal lacquered boards and vertical parallel panels
Unit 24 Nha Trang City
Area: 251 sq. km
Population: 337,803
Administrative division:
- Wards: Vinh Hoa, Vinh Hai, Vinh Phuoc, Vinh Tho, Ngoc Hiep, Van Thang, Phuong Son, Xuong Huan, Van Thanh, Phuong Sai, Phuoc Tan, Phuoc Tien, Phuoc Hai, Phuoc Long, Loc Tho, Phuoc Hoa, Tan Lap, Vinh Nguyen, Vinh Truong.
- Communes: Vinh Luong, Vinh Phuong, Vinh Ngoc, Vinh Thanh, Vinh Hiep, Vinh Trung, Vinh Thai, Phuoc Dong.
Ethnic groups: Mainly the Viet (or Kinh).
The coastal city of Nha Trang in Khanh Hoa province, Central Vietnam, lies on the trans-Vietnam highway, 1,278km from Hanoi, and 448km from Ho Chi Minh City.

Nha Trang is endowed by nature with deep, quiet and warm waters all the year round, surrounded by archipelagoes, islands, mountains and white sand beaches - a wonderful and attractive tourist resort. To the north of Nha Trang stands the Chong mount which looks like a wide open hand over the sea. Far offshore, the Yen (Swallow) Island appears with lush green colours where salangane nests have been harvested for years to make the traditional "bird's nest" tonic and food.
The 7km white sand beach of Nha Trang is often called Vietnam’s Mediterranean Area, considered one of the jewel along Vietnam's long stretching coast line. Nha Trang is sunny all year round, with an average temperature of 23°C due to northern winds.
The rainfall is less than anywhere else in the country and the area is not threatened by storms since it is protected by the Truong Son Mountains and Ca Pass. From Ca Pass, one can see Ro Bay (Vung Ro), Hon Do...

Hon Tre Island is 36km² and belongs to a group of islands located southwest of Nha Trang. It takes two hours to reach Hon Tre Island by rowboat and only 20 minutes by ferry. Nha Trang benefits from topographical advantages of the sea, islands, mountains, and deltas. West of Nha Trang, there are endless mountain ranges where a wide variety of animals and birds live. Nha Trang has many specialties. Especially, bird’s nest soup, or swallow’s nest soup is very famous in Nha Trang and round Vietnam. The magnificent coral seabed in Nha Trang makes it ideal for scubadiving and snorkeling. Nha Trang Bay is recognised as one of 29 most beautiful bays in the world. Answer the following questions:
1. Can you define the city location?
2. What do you think of Nha Trang beauty?
3. Is it right to say Da Lat a city of beach? Why?
4. Can you tell something about Nha Trang people ?
5. How many tourist attractions are there? Can you name each of them?
ACTIVITY As a tour guide, tell your tour group about the tourist attractions in Nha Trang city.
Unit 25 Dalat

Area: 390.5 sq. km
Population: 130,000 habitants (2001)
Administrative divisions:
- Wards: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
- Communes: Xuan Tho, Xuan Truong, Ta Nung
Ethnic groups: M’nong, Ma, Co Ho...
Dalat, capital of Lam Dong Province, is located approximately 308km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City. At an elevation of 1,500 m, Dalat bears the look of an Old French city. It was founded in 1897 when Doctor Alexandre Yersin recommended that the area be developed as a resort town.

Dalat has many natural and artificial lakes such as Ho Xuan Huong, Than Tho, Da Thien, and Tuyen Lam bordered by lines of pine trees, which are a well-known feature of Dalat. A trip to Dalat is not complete until one goes to the Dalat Flower Gardens. The temperate climate of Dalat is suitable for flowers such as orchids, roses, lilies, and camellias.

Nowadays, tourists not only limit themselves to Dalat; they also visit the area of Langbian Highland and the ethnic minorities. Langbian Mountain’s highest peak at 2,165m is very tempting for climbers. From Lom Bieng Klo peak, one can see endless green mountains reflecting the silver rays of the sun. Many tours are organized in the area, including parachuting and climbing. Vegetables from temperate regions grow here all year round, such as artichokes and strawberries, persimmons, plums, apples and peach. The population of Da Lat is very diverse, an integration of the three cultural regions of North, Central and South of Viet Nam. Its inhabitants are known to be very hospitable . From Da Lat, tourists are able to visit the villages of ethnic groups, such as the M'nong, Ma, and Co Ho. These groups grow coffee and tea, and raise domestic animals. During village festivals and joyful occasions, visitors can see the villagers dancing,singing, and playing music.
Answer the following questions:
6. Can you define the Da Lafs location?
7. What do you think of Da Lafs beauty?
8. Is it right to say Da Lat a city of eternal spring? Why?
9. Can you tell something about Da Lat people ?
10.How many tourist attractions are there? Can you name each of them?
11. Where is each of the tourist attraction?
12. How to get there from the city centre ?
Find out mistakes of these sentences below and correct them.
1. Xuan Huong is a beautiful lake locate in the Centre of Da Lat.
2. The road around a lake was also encompassed by pine trees.
3. Dalat Market is one of a most colourful and lively market in the country.Hundreds of stalls displays a wide array of flowers, fruits and vegetables from the tropical and temperate zones.
4. The park consist of at least 300 different kinds of flowers, hundred of which are in blossom all year round.( Da lat flower park)
5. The 18 Hole golf course was located in the centre of the city.
6. The course run pasted several low hills closed to the famous Ho Xuan Huong Lake ( see Golf course).
7. Dalat had three magnificent large palaces, which are simply refered to as palace1, palace 2, palace 3.
8. The Cathedral, which is located on Tran Phu Road, near the Dalat hotel had been built between 1931 and 1942.
9. Where is Lam Dong province museum located?

ACTIVITY
As a tour guide, tell your tour group about Xuan Huong Lake and Cremaillere Railway. Using the suggestions below.
1. Xuan Huong Lake
- In the centre of Da Lat
- Created in 1919 by a dam
- Named after a 17th century Vietnamese poet
- The lake: circumnavigated by a strollable path
- Paddleboats: look like giant swans can be rented near Thanh Thuy Restaurant, 200m northeast of the dam
- A golf course: refurbished, occupy 50 hectares, near the Flower Garden
- Palace Hotel: look Xuan Houng Lake from the south
2. Cremaillere Railway
- The railway station: 500 metres to the east of Xuan Houng Lake
- The Cremaillere : link Da Lat and Thap Cham (Phan Rang) from 1928 to 1964
- The line: now operate as a tourist attraction
- You can't get to anywhere useful on this train, but can ride five km down the tracks to the suburbs of Da Lat and back again
Unit 26 Ho Chi Minh City

Area: 2,098.7 sq.km
Population: 6,105.8 thousand habitants
Administrative divisions:
-Districts: District 1, District 2, District 3, District 4, District 5, District 6, District 7, District 8, District 9, District 10, District 11, District 12, Tan Binh, Binh Thanh, Phu Nhuan, Thu Duc, Go Vap, Binh Tan, Tan Phu.
-Rural districts: Nha Be, Can Gio, Hoc Mon, Cu Chi, Binh Chanh.
Ethnic groups: Viet (Kinh), Hoa, Khmer, Cham…
READING
Read the text below. Then summarize the text by writing notes under the headings below:
- Ho Chi Minh city's location and foundation
- Ethnic groups
- Highlights
- A cultural centre
- A potential and ultimate tourist destination with great tourist resources
Ho Chi Minh City's introduction
Economic capital of Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City is 1,730 km south of Hanoi and about 60 km from the coast.
Hundreds of rivers and canals cross Ho Chi Minh City. The Saigon river, crossing 106 km of the city is the biggest. The river network from Ho Chi Minh City to all other provinces are also very convenient. National high way 1 and Thong Nhat railway connect Ho Chi Minh city and Ha Noi, and national high way 13 connects Vietnam with the rest of Indochina. Tan Son Nhat International airport, only 7 km from the centre of the city, is the biggest airport in Viet Nam.
Ho Chi Minh City also constitutes the cultural centre of the south and the Mekong delta. It is the city where the Quoc Ngu (National writing) was first generalized, and where the first books written in Quoc Ngu were published.
With the appearance and development of books, essays, schools, artistic and
intellectual circles, Sai gon has had a long history of cultural influence.
Climate: There're 2 distinct seasons. The rainy season lasts from May to November and brings an average rainfall of 1,979 mm (7,718 inches). The dry season last from December to April. The annual average temperature is 27°.55 C (81.59° F ) and there's almost no winter. So, the climate is particularly favourable for tourism all year around.

Administrative districts
Ho Chi Minh City is divided into 17 urban districts and 5 rural districts. There're also 305 sub-districts and communes. Urban districts are numbered from 1st to 12th ,and also include Tan Binh, Binh Thanh, Phu Nhuan, Thu Due, Go Vap. As for rural districts, Nha Be, Can Gio, Hoc Mon, Cu Chi, Binh Chanh.

History
While Ha Noi has 1,000 years of history, Ho Chi Minh City is a relatively new settlement. The name of "Sai Gon" was registered for the first time in documents dating back to 1698. Due to its favourable geographical location, topography and climate, this area rapidly became a converging point for traders from all over the world.
Sai gon port was built in 1862 and foreign traders quickly became familiar with the Ong Lanh market, Ray market, Ben Thanh market and Sai gon market. For many years, Sai gon was praised as the 'pearl of the far east'
Ho Chi Minh City is where the heroic resistance against aggressors and the struggling process for independence of the Vietnamese Nation began. It was also where the Ho Chi Minh campaign triumphantly finished on 30thApril 1975. At the first session of the 6th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam in July 1976, the name of the town was officially changed to Ho Chi Minh City. Tourist attractions inside Ho Chi Minh's city.
Despite its quite recent past, with only 300 year history, Ho Chi Minh City nevertheless possesses numerous interesting buildings, displaying a characteristic combination of Vietnamese, Chinese and European cultures. These include Nha Rong (dragon house wharf), Quoc To temple (National ancestors' temple), Xa tay (Municipal office), Ho Chi Minh municipal. Theatre as well as many pagodas and churches.
Ho Chi Minh City draws approximately 70% of visitors to the country. The city's resources and accommodations are attractive to many travellers. Numerous steps have been and will be taken to stabilize the tourism potential of the city. For instance, historical relics and architectural works have been restored, traditional values have been recovered in festivals, and many museums are expected to be up-grated.

Other places to visit:
1 . Inside Ho Chi Minh's city:
- Thong Nhat conference hall
- Ben Thanh Market
- Dam Sen Park
- Cho Lon
2. Pagodas and temples:
- Vinh Nghiem Pagoda
- Giac Lam Pagoda
- Phung Son Pagoda
- Tran Hung Dao Temple
3. Museums:
- Ho Chi Minh Museum
- Revolutionary museum
- History museum
Discuss and answer the following questions:
1. How many seasons are there in Ho Chi Minh City? What are they?
2. How long does each season last in a year?
3. How many administrative districts , sub-districts and communes in Ho Chi Minh City? What are they?
4. Mark the sentences (T) or false(F).
a. The name of "Saigon" was registered for many times in documents dating back to 1698.
b. As far as geographical location, topography and climate are concerned Saigon rapidly became a converging point for traders from all over the world.
c. Saigon port was built in 1698
5. Read the text again. Say true (T) or false(F) these sentences.
a. Presidential palace was built in 1856 on the on the ground of Norodom palace as a residence for the French governor general of Indochina
b. In February a dissident launched an air bombardment and damaged the Norodom palace.
c. The independence palace was the name Norodom palace that was replaced after the year 1963.
6. How many pagodas can you know in Ho Chi Minh city? Give their names. Where is each one's location ? When is each one established?
Activity I
Pick out some other examples from the text Ho Chi Minh city's introduction and tourist attractions inside Ho Chi Minh city.
Try to tell your partner about:
* Ho Chi Minh city's introduction
* Tourist attractions in Ho Chi Minh city
Activity II
Suppose you are a tour guide before a foreign tourist group speaking English
* Tell your tour group about Zoo and Botanical Garden. Using the suggestions below:
- The construction: begin in March 1864 under the charge of a French tropical botanist, J. B. Louis Pierre. Complete in 1865
- Cover an area: 12 ha. Then expand by 8 ha.
- Many trees of invaluable species from different parts of th1j§country as well as from India, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and other countries
- Many rare animals: brought in and raised
- The garden: broadened by 13 ha to the other side of the Thi Nghe canal in 1924, bring its total area to 33 ha.
- A bridge: built over the canal in 1927, link the two parts of the Zoo and Botanical Garden
- There are two entrances to the Zoo: one on Le Duan Street, other on Nguyen Thi Minh Khai Street

The Zoo and Botanical Garden: composed of separate sections, house rareanimals, ornamental plants
- Thousands of trees from Africa, America.
- Hundreds of species of mammals, reptiles and birds, tigers, monkeys, lions, deer, apes, crocodiles, .pythons, snakes, hippos...
* Location
* Area
* Population
* Weather
* Its features
* Sightseeing
REFERRENCE BOOKS

[1] Bùi Quang Đông. (1997). Check-in: A Course for Hotel Reception Staff.
Hà Nội : Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ.
[2] Florence, M. & Storey, R. Vietnam. Lovely Planet Publications:
Melbourne, Oakland, London & Paris.
[3] Harding, K. Going International. Oxford: OUP.
[4] Kruse, B. (2000). Travel Industry. Nhà Xuất Bản Thanh Niên.
[5] Jacob, M. & Strutt, P. (2003). English for International Tourism.
Addison Wesley Longman Limited.
[6] Kruse, B. (2000). English for Travel. Nhà Xuất Bản Thanh Niên.
[7] Revell, R & Stott C. (1996) English for Hotel and Tourist. Hà Nội : Nhà
Xuất Khoa Học và Kỹ Thuật.
[8] Trần Thị Dung. (2007). English for Tour Guide. Trường Cao Đẳng Du
Lịch Ha Noi.
[9] Wood, N. (2003). Tourism and Catering. Oxford University Press.
[10] Website: http://vietnamtourism.com

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